Results Generated from the questionnaire disseminated prior to the workshop

1. Results Generated from the questionnaire disseminated prior to the workshop

2. The objective of the questionnaire To better understand data processing activities at the country level To invite country experiences with the goal of providing a forum for further collaboration on the effective use of techniques and methods in data processing To support the development and management of the workshop and future activities To understand what information and technical training is needed on the use of specific data processing methods

3. Data Capture: Methods for census/survey data capture Common methods used for census survey data capture were: Manual data entry OMR OCR/ICR Several countries are interested advancing efficiency through the use of OMR & OCR ICR and have expressed that they plan to use the for the next census round

4. Data Capture: Scanners and features used by countries: DRS PhotoScribe S900 im2 Scanner: Up to 8500 forms per/hr (Ethiopia, Sudan) Fujitsu Fi-M4O99D: Binary scanning speed ~5600 forms per/hr. Software- Scanall, Quick Scan Pro, E&H Readsoft, Cardiff Teleform (Ghana) Fujitsu Fi-5900: ~6000 forms per/hr. with resolution of 50-600 dpi. Software Scan A1121 (Lesotho)

5. Data Capture: outsourcing of processes With concern to manual data entry, the data capture process is often not outsourced Methods included the use of a database management system such as MSAccess along with IMPS orCSPro where data entered, edited and coded in-house Several countries develop their own programs written specifically for their capture process (e.g. Seychelles) With concern to OMR & OCR/ICR the data capture process is often done in-house with come countries outsourcing

6. Data Capture: Planned data capture method for next census round Many countries are undecided as of which method to choose but are looking heavily into scanning methods such as OCR/ICR OMR/OCR/ICR is planned for use in several countries (e.g. Ghana, Kenya) Manual data entry is proposed for use in countries with previous experience (e.g. Liberia, Seychelles)

7. Data Capture: Archiving methods and policies used for storing forms Many countries store forms both electronically and in hardcopy format. Some countries use electronic means for the storage of forms. Several countries have no policy for the storage of forms Several countries have laws requiring the storage of forms for a given time ranging from ~5 to ~10 years.

8. Data Editing: Coding for Major Classifications of Occupations Most offices use coding for major classifications of occupations, industry and education. Occupation- most use ISCO with several countries using nationally specific systems also Industry- most use ISIC with several countries using nationally specific systems also Education- Most countries use ISCED with several countries using nationally specific systems also Nationality was also mentioned as a major classification in which coding is used.

9. Data Editing: Manual or Automated Coding Coding is done manually with a few countries using little automation methods. When automated, the software is developed in house (e.g. Gambia) Countries have expressed interested in automated methods for speeding up processes Close to all countries have an editing system as a part of the census/survey processing The dominant error detection systems expressed within the questionnaire were validity check consistency check

10. Data Editing: In many cases manual methods for imputation are used with the following software: CSPro IMPS SPSS SAS MS SQL Server

11. Staff and Training

12. Cont… Training for each step ranges widely across countries Data Capture ~2 days to 10 months Data Coding ~1 days to 8 months Error Detection ~1 days to 6 months Imputation ~ 7 Day to 4 months

13. Quality control procedure country examples in relation to the various steps of data processing: Most countries conduct structural checking for completeness; Range checking and validation; Consistency checking Training is given to data capture/data entry staff to help better understand questionnaire and fieldwork approaches Country Example- Ghana: Control Mechanism: 2 specifically designed control forms are used. Centrack, a module program in IMPS, and a logbook are used- Proved helpful in rectifying errors during the movement of questionnaires. Validation: Validation corrects structural and inconsistency problems identified in the dataset. For every failed structural and/or consistency checks, the validators recalled the batch of questionnaires and made the necessary corrections. This procedure is repeated until all structural and consistency problems of district/region were eliminated.

14. Major concerns offices have with data capture Efficient and Consistent Capture Speeds Quality Control and Validation Hardware/Equipment Delays and Maintenance Poor Handling of Questionnaires Ineligible writing on questionnaires (poses large difficulties in both manual and optical capture methods)

15. Thank You END