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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW

HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW. DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria and Viruses. #1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?. #1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?. #2 Which Scientist(s).

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HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW

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  1. HONORS BIOLOGY CHAPTER 10 TEST REVIEW DNA, Protein Synthesis, Bacteria and Viruses

  2. #1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles • Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?

  3. #1 Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles • Which is lytic and which is lysogenic?

  4. #2 Which Scientist(s) • HINT 1: worked with Neurospora crassa • HINT 2: worked as a team • HINT 3: one-gene-one-enzyme or one-gene-one-protein • ANSWER: Beadle and Tatum (F)

  5. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: stole the Photo 51 • HINT 3: also got Nobel Prize • ANSWER: Maurice (the beast) Wilkins (G)

  6. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked with animal sperm • HINT 2: a hottie • HINT 3: found A-T and C-G amounts even • ANSWER: Chargaff (D)

  7. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: 1920’s • HINT 2: worked with Pneumococcus bacteria R and S strains • HINT 3: Found hereditary transformation • ANSWER: Frederick Griffith (B)

  8. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: used x-ray crystallography Photo 51 • HINT 3: a woman • ANSWER: Rosalind Franklin (A)

  9. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: worked on finding DNA structure • HINT 2: first put bases on outside instead of inside • HINT 3: won Nobel prize for finding DNA structure • ANSWER: Watson and Crick (E)

  10. #2 Which Scientist(s)? • HINT 1: Found DNA to be the genetic material • HINT 2: used bacteriophages • HINT 3:used “hot” sulfur and phosphorus • ANSWER: Hershey and Chase (C)

  11. #2 Which scientist(s)? • HINT 1: found DNA was genetic material • HINT 2: separated bacteria into: carbos, DNA, protein, RNA by a centrifuge • HINT 3: bald • ANSWER: (H) Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

  12. #3 Name ways RNA is different from DNA: • 1. RNA = Ribose sugar instead of Deoxyribose in DNA • 2. DNA A-T C-G RNA A-U C-G • 3. RNA= Single stranded instead of Double in DNA • 4. RNA can go in and out of nucleus, DNA must stay in nucleus • 5. DNA can repair itself, RNA cannot

  13. What three parts of DNA make up one nucleotide? • ANSWER: • sugar • Phosphate • Nitrogenous base (remember the song)

  14. EXTRA: What is the complementary side of this DNA strand? (DNA – DNA) • G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G • ANSWER: • C - T - A - A - C - T - G - G - A - G - C- C

  15. What is the complementary mRNA strand? (DNA – mRNA) • G - A - T - T - G - A - C - C - T - C - G – G • ANSWER: • C - U - A - A - C - U - G - G - A - G - C- C

  16. #4 Identify the DNA parts: A B C D

  17. #4 Identify the DNA parts A PHOSPHATE B Deoxyribose Sugar C Nitrogenous Bases (A-T-C-G) D Hydrogen Bond Nucleotide = sugar, phosphate, base

  18. #4 How can you recognize… • Pyrimidines? And what bases? • One ring • CUT • Purines? And what bases? • Two rings • AG

  19. #5 Which process? • Does DNA copy itself? • ANSWER: Replication (A) • Is the movement of tRNA from A to P site on the ribosome? • ANSWER: Translocation (B)

  20. #5 Which process? • Codes DNA to mRNA? • ANSWER? Transcription (C) • Codes mRNA to tRNA and protein? • ANSWER: Translation (D)

  21. #5 What happens at the P and A sites of a ribosome during translation? • A = amino acid is dropped off • P = polypeptide builds • Process is translocation (B)

  22. #6 What does it mean for DNA • To be semi-conservative? • When it replicates one parental strand and one new strand goes to each daughter cell.

  23. #6 What does it mean for DNA… • To be anti-parallel? • The two strands run side by side in opposite directions (one has 5’ at top and the other has 3’ at top)

  24. #7 Which enzyme? • Unwinds DNA from its spiral • ANSWER: Topoisomerase (B)

  25. #7 Which enzyme? • Separates the 2 DNA strands (breaks H bonds for replication) • ANSWER: Helicase (D)

  26. #7 Which enzyme? • Adds nucleotides to DNA for elongation and also for proofreading • ANSWER: DNA polymerase (C)

  27. #7 Which enzyme? • Binds Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand • ANSWER: Ligase (A)

  28. #7 Which enzyme? • Adds RNA nucleotide primers • ANSWER: Primase (E)

  29. #7 Which enzyme? • Makes RNA’s • ANSWER: RNA polymerase (G)

  30. #8 Which is a physical or chemical agent that causes mutations? • A. mutagen • B. mutagenesis • C. mutation • D. reading frame • ANSWER: A

  31. #8Which is any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA? • A. Mutagenesis • B. mutation • C. mutagen • D. reading frame • ANSWER: B Epidermodysplasia verruciformis Uncontrolled HPV infections result in the growth of scaly macules and papules

  32. Tree Man Pictures • Before and After Images : Tree Man : Discovery Health

  33. #8 What mutation • Is a substitution that changes an amino acid into a STOP codon? • A. silent • B. missense • C. nonsense • ANSWER: nonsense

  34. #8 What mutation… • Is a substitution that causes no change in the protein product? • A. nonsense • B. silent • C. missense • ANSWER: silent

  35. #8 What mutation… • Causes a substitution that does change the amino acid coding? • A. Missense • B. silent • C. nonsense • ANSWER: Missense

  36. #8 Which is the triplet grouping (a mutation can alter it to shift) • A. mutation • B. mutagenesis • C. mutagen • D. reading frame • ANSWER: D

  37. #9 What are some examples of mutagens? UV Rays pesticides cigarettes X-rays

  38. #10 • How does the leading strand behave differently from the lagging strand? • ANSWER: leading strand adds nucleotides 5’ to 3’ toward the replication fork continuously • Lagging strand adds nucleotides 5’ to 3’ away from the replication fork discontinuously

  39. #11 What is the central dogma? • A. DNA – RNA – protein • B. protein – RNA – DNA • C. DNA – protein – RNA • D. RNA – protein – DNA • ANSWER: A

  40. #11 Who proposed the central dogma? • A. Crick • B. Watson • C. Nirenberg • D. Avery • ANSWER: Crick and Nirenberg

  41. #12 What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGU AAC UAC CGU GGG CAC UGG

  42. 12. What amino acid is mRNA codon:Cyst–Aspar–Tyros–Arg–Glyc-Hist-Trypt

  43. #13 What codon is the START CODON?

  44. 13. What amino acid is START codon:AUG

  45. #13 What are the three STOP CODONS? • ANSWER? UAA, UAG, UGA • (you could also figure this out by looking at the chart)

  46. What amino acid is mRNA codon:UGG tryptophan

  47. # 13 How many? • Different amino acids are there? • ANSWER: 20

  48. #14 How many subunits make up a ribosome? • A. one • B. two • C. Three • D. Four

  49. Made of rRNA (ribosomal) + protein

  50. A.Codon B. Anticodon C. Triplet #15 What are the 3 bases?

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