Parts of an Urban Area central business district CBD zone of transition suburbs

1. Parts of an Urban Area • central business district CBD • zone of transition • suburbs

2. Central business district (CBD): the central nucleus of commercial land uses in a city.

3. Activities and structures typically found in a city’s Central Business District (CBD): CBD Activities: • Business services

4. shops (retail)

5. City government (court house)

6. Structures: • the tallest buildings

7. city hall

8. major hotels

9. museums

10. Why are these activities and structures located in the CBD? • Accessibility (can support services with a large threshold and range)

11. Zone in transition: area of mixed commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD. • Warehouses

12. Apartment buildings public housing New York from Bronx

20. Older residential neighborhoods gentrified buildings

21. Zone of transition: elderly in the Netherlands

22. Suburbs are residential areas surrounding a large urban area.

23. People are attracted to suburbs in part because suburbs are characterized by private land surrounding the house.

24. The largest percentage of the U.S. population lives in the suburbs

26. Edge cities: nodal concentrations of shopping and office space that are situated on the outer fringes of metropolitan areas, typically near major high­way intersections.

27. FR What kinds of activities and structures are typically found in Edge Cities? FR How do CBDs and Edge Cities differ? Edge cities: suburban downtowns activities: • Shopping • office space/jobs • Entertainment Edge City: Tysons Corner, Virginia

28. Edgecity

29. structures: • Malls • office parks • movie theaters • suburban housing • major high­way intersections.

30. A business/office park is an area of land in which many office buildings are grouped together. These are popular in many suburban locations, where it is cheaper to develop land because of the lower land costs and the lower building costs for building wider, not necessarily higher.

31. They are also often located near highways or main roads.

32. Edge cities In Southern California: _________

34. Examples:

36. Bid rent theory is a geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city center. This is based upon the idea that retail establishments wish to maximize their profitability, so they are much more willing to pay more money for land close to the CBD and less for land further away from this area. This theory is based upon the reasoning that the more accessible an area, the more profitable.

37. A great example of distance decay

38. Three urban land (structure) use models of North American cities.

39. Burgess Concentric (has a common center/circles) Zone Model, 1925

41. Burgess: Bulls eye

42. Chicago is a good location in which to develop urban models because it is located on a flat prairie.

45. Zone 1 • The central business district (CBD) 2 Zone of transition • Rooming houses, small apartments, and tenements attract the lowest income segment • Immigrants to the city first live in this zone in small dwelling units.

46. Example In Southern California: _________

47. 3 Zone of independent workers’ homes • Located close to factories of zones 1 and 2 • Often characterized by ethnic neighborhoods — blocks of immigrants who broke free from the ghettos • Spreading outward because of pressure from transition zone and because blue-collar workers demanded better housing

48. Example In Southern California: ______________

49. 4 Zone of better residence • The fourth zone has newer and more spacious houses for middle-class families. • Established city dwellers, many of whom moved outward with the first streetcar network • Commute to work in the CBD

50. Example In Southern California: ______________