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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Objectives: Describe the structure of the respiratory system. 10.01 Analyze the function of the respiratory system. 10.02 Identify characteristics and treatment of common respiratory disorders. 10.03. Respiratory System.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System Objectives: Describe the structure of the respiratory system.10.01 Analyze the function of the respiratory system. 10.02 Identify characteristics and treatment of common respiratory disorders. 10.03

  2. Respiratory System Includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs, and pleura.

  3. Nasal Cavity Nasal Septum=divides nasal cavities into R and L sides Cilia- the hairs in your nose, trap larger dirt particles.

  4. Sinuses- cavities in the skull Connected to the nasal cavity, by ducts Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten air Sinuses give resonance to the voice.

  5. Pharynx The throat Common passageway for air and food 5” long When food is swallowed, the Epiglottis closes over the opening to the larynx preventing food from entering the lungs Pharynx

  6. Meet the Larynx Larynx- voice box Triangular chamber below the pharynx Within the larynx are vocal cords Epiglottis covers larynx during swallowing Adam’s apple Produces sound Made of cartilage fibrous plates

  7. Meet the Trachea Windpipe. 4 ½ in. long. Walls are alternate bands of membrane and C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep trachea open and more rigid Lined with ciliated mucous membrane. Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous.

  8. Did Someone say Bronchi and Bronchioles are next? Lower end of trachea divides into R and L bronchus Become bronchial tubes and bronchioles as braonches enter lungs Passageway for air from trachea to alveoli in lungs

  9. Alveoli Clusters of thin-walled sacs made of single layer epithelial tissue Inner surfaces covered with Surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing Each alveolus surrounded by capillaries O2 and CO2 exchange takes place between the alveoli and capillaries (diffusion)

  10. Lovely Lungs Fill the thoracic cavity Upper part=apex Lower part=base Lung tissue porous and spongy –it floats R lung=larger and shorter displaced by the liver and has 3 lobes L lung smaller displaced by the heart and has 2 lobes

  11. Pretty Pleura Thin, moist slippery membrane that covers the lungs. Double walled sac. Space is pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction.

  12. Test your gray matter….. Alveoli Larynx Pleura Speech Trachea Rings of Cartilage Lobes Bronchi

  13. The partition that separated the nose into right and left cavities is the: The medical name for the throat is the: Pharynx Septum

  14. That’s all for now….

  15. Function of the Respiratory System External respiration, internal respiration , and cellular respiration Production of sound (vocal cords)

  16. Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing) Inspiration Inhalation Intercostal muscles lift ribs outward, sternum rises and the diaphragm contracts and moves downward this increases the volume of the lungs and air rushes in.

  17. Pulmonary Ventilation Expiration Opposite action takes place. Exhalation is a passive process

  18. Respiratory Movements 1 inspiration + 1 expiration=1 respiration Normal adult = 14-20 Respirations per minute Increases with exercise, body temperature, certain diseases. Age-newborm= 40-60/min Sleep= respiration  Emotion can  or  rate

  19. Coughing Deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air – to clear lower respiratory tract Hiccups – spasm of the diaphragm and spasmotic closure of the glottis- irritation to diaphragm or phrenic nerve.

  20. Sneezing Air forced through nose to clear respiratory tract Yawning Deep prolonged breath that fills the lungs, increases oxygen within the blood

  21. Control BreathingBreathing controlled by neural and chemical factors. • Neural Factors • Respiratory center located in the Medulla Oblongata •  on CO2 or  O2 in the blood will trigger respiratory center • Phrenic Nerve- stimulates the diaphragm Chemical Factors Depends on the levels of CO2 in the blood (respiratory center in the brain) Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries sensitive to the amount of blood O2

  22. Test your gray matter Carbon dioxide in the blood CO2 level in blood Filtering in the air 14-20 Trachea, bronchi, alveoli Inspiration Speech

  23. Respiratory Disorders

  24. Common Cold Contagious viral respiratory infection Contributing factors- chilling fatigue,poor nutrition, and not enough sleep Rx- stay in bed, drink warm liquids and fruit juice, good nutrition Good handwashing best prevention. Also called an Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

  25. Pharyngitis- red, inflammation throat Laryngitis- Inflammation of the larynx or voice box Symptoms- sore throat , hoarseness or loss of voice dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

  26. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi Symptoms-cough, fever, substernal paina nd rales (raspy sound) Chronic bronchitis-middle or old age, cigarette smoking most common cause. Bronchitis

  27. Viral infection of upper respiratory tract Symptoms-Fever, mucopurulent discharge, muscular pain, extreme exhaustion Rx – treat the symptoms Influenza (Flu)

  28. Infection of the lung Caused by bacteria or virus Alveoli fill with thick fluid Symptoms- chest pain, fever, chills dyspnea Diagnosis- x-ray and listening to lungs Rx- O2 and antibiotics Pneumonia

  29. Tuberculosis Infectious bacterial lung disease Tubercles (lesions) forms in the lungs Symptoms: cough, low grade fever in the afternoon, weigh loss, night sweats Diagnosis- TB skin test If skin test positive-follow up with chest x-ray and sputum sample RX- Antibiotic

  30. TB Game http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/tuberculosis/ Terms to know: Apnea Dyspnea Tachypnea

  31. Tuberculosis Due to the increase in immigration, homelessness and AIDS, the incidence of TB is increasing in the United States. TB

  32. Inflammatory airway obstruction Caused by allergen or psychological stress 5% of Americans have asthma Symptoms: difficulty exhaling, dyspnea, wheezing, tightness in chest RX anti-inflammatory drugs, inhaled bronchodilator. Asthma

  33. Alveoli become over-dilated, lose their elasticity, can’t rebound, may eventually rupture Air becomes trapped, can’t exhale-forced exhalation required Reduced exchange of O2 and CO2 Dyspnea increases as disease progresses Emphysema Emphysema RX – Alleviate the symptoms, decrease exposure to respiratory irritants, prevent infections, restructure activities to prevent need for O2

  34. Test your gray matter… Laryngitis Emphysema Common cold TB Bacteria + Virus TB Emphysema Asthma

  35. The most common cause of chronic bronchitis is: Influenza is caused by a : Virus Cigarette Smoking

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