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Can you name the ‘Big 3’? Picture SMART starter Franklin D Roosevelt Joseph Stalin Winston Churchill JosephStalin FranklinD Roosevelt Winston Churchill What adjectives might you use to describe the relationships of the BIG 3?

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Source A From a speech by Lenin in 1919. England, America and France are waging war against Russia. They are avenging themselves on the Soviet Union for having overthrown the capitalists. They are helping the landlords with money and supplies. Source B From a speech by Winston Churchill, 1919, who was a member of the British government. Of all the tyrannies in history, the Bolshevik (communist) tyranny is the worst, the most destructive and degrading. Lenin and his government are committing the worst atrocities possible. Source C From a speech by Adolf Hitler in 1933 If a single people in Western or Central Europe were to succumb to Bolshevism, the position would spread farther and destroy that which is today the oldest and fairest cultural treasure in the world. By taking upon herself this struggle, Germany is fulfilling a European mission.

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Source E Joseph Stalin speaking about Churchill and Roosevelt, in 1945. Churchill and Roosevelt were his allies. Perhaps you think that because we are allies of the English, we have forgotten who they are and who Churchill is. They find nothing sweeter than to trick their allies. And Churchill? Churchill is the kind who, if you don’t watch him, will slip a Kopek out of your pocket. And Roosevelt? Roosevelt is not like that. He dips his hands only for bigger coins.

The Tehran Conference and the ‘Second Front’ In 1943, the leaders of the 3 major allies united against Nazi Germany met at Tehran in Iran. There objective was to decide how they could work together to defeat the common enemy that was Hitler and Nazi Germany. This uneasy relationship is often referred to as the ‘Marriage of Convenience.’

The Tehran Conference and the ‘Second Front’ Ever since the Soviet Union had entered the war, Stalin had been demanding that the Allies open-up a second front in Europe. So that the Allies were attacking Germany from the East and the West (two fronts) Churchill and Roosevelt argued that any attempt to land troops in Western Europe would result in heavy casualties. Stalin had feared that without a second front, Germany would defeat them. At Teheran, Joseph Stalin reminded Churchill and Roosevelt of a previous promise of landing troops in Western Europe in 1942. Later they postponed it to the spring of 1943. Stalin complained that it was now November and there was still no sign of an allied invasion of France. After lengthy discussions it was agreed that the Allies would mount a major offensive in the spring of 1944.

Stalin felt he faced the Nazis alone and that the USA and Britain wanted the communists defeating.

This alliance was often referred to as a marriage of convenience or necessity 1) Describe in your own words what the marriage of convenience was and what was the necessity? 2) What was the second front?

What was agreed • Britain and America agreed to open a second front by invading France in 1944. • The Soviet Union was to wage war against Japan once Germany was defeated. • A United Nations was to be set up after the war. • An area of Eastern Poland was added to the Soviet Union. This was insisted upon by Stalin as he wanted to create a buffer zone between Germany and the Soviet Union.

1 (a) Describe one decision made by the Allies about the war against Germany at the Teheran Conference, 1943. (2 marks) June 2010

Briefly describe the key features of the Tehran Conference 1943 (6 marks) One key feature of the Tehran Conference was that it was the first meeting of the ‘Big Three’. The Big Three were the leaders of leading Superpowers; America, Russia and Britain . They met at Tehran in Iran as this was a neutral venue for all the counties

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/ http://www.johndclare.net/cold_war4.htm http://bhshistory.edublogs.org/

Briefly describe the key features of the Tehran Conference 1943 (6 marks)

Briefly describe the key features of the Yalta Conference 1945 (6 marks)

Briefly describe the key features of the Potsdam Conference 1945 (6 marks)

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