11 th Grade U.S. History

1. 11th Grade U.S. History Mr. Weber November 12, 2008

2. Activator • 1. What kinds of things do you associate with anti-immigration (also known as nativism)? • 2. The Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) has been changed to the Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), making it sound much more “bad ass” and taking out the part about becoming a citizen (naturalization) and changing service into enforcement. What is your reaction?

3. Agenda • Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes) • Republican Politics, anti-immigration, and the Palmer raids notes (30 minutes) • Comprehension Check (15 minutes) • Exit Ticket (5 minutes)

4. Objective • All students will… 11.5.2 Analyze the events, interests, and philosophies behind the attacks on civil liberties, such as the Palmer Raids and immigration quotas.

5. Republican Power • President Warren G. Harding • Elected 1920 • Legacy of Scandals • “Teapot Dome” scandal (oil) • Died in office

6. President Coolidge“The business of America is business.” • Laissez-Faire • Smoot-Hawley Tariff (charging imports, reduced trade, bad for economy) • No help for farmers

7. People on the Move:The Great Migration within U.S.

8. International Immigration • Sharp post-war rise in immigration (after 1914). • Continued to be predominantly European. • Increasingly from Southern, Central and Eastern Europe. • From countries where WWI had started. • Nativists in U.S. were scared that immigrants from politically unstable countries would bring radical political ideas to the U.S. RED SCARE

9. Laws Restricting Immigration • Had already passed Chinese Exclusion Act restricting immigration from China. • 1917 Espionage Act; 1918 Sedition Act • 1919 J. Edgar Hoover put in charge of Justice Department Bureau of Investigation. • 1921 at Harding’s request Congress passed an IMMIGRATION QUOTA (a specific number each country was allowed). • 1924 National Origins Act reduced quota to 2% of the population of that ethnic or national origin already living in U.S. (based on 1890 census data).

10. Palmer Raids 1919-1921 • Raids on people in U.S. suspected of being “Radical Leftists.” • Carried out by Alexander Mitchell Palmer, Attorney General for U.S. Justice and Immigration Departments in the interest of “national security.” • Used list of about 150,000 names. • Palmer was accused of torture, wiretapping, and other abuses of people’s civil liberties. • 1920 American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) published Report of the Illegal Practices of the United States Department of Justice.

11. Sacco-Vanazetti Trial • Two Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanazetti tried and executed for the supposed armed robbery of two pay clerks. • Suspected radicals (anarchists). • Unfair trial attracted international attention. • People said that the judge allowed anti-Italian, anti-immigrant, and anti-anarchist sentiment to ifluence the jury.

12. Comprehension Check • Write at least one page explaining “nativism” in the U.S. during the 1920s. Use the quote from the Klansmen Manual on the board as well as your notes from Thursday and today. • 11.5.2 Analyze the events, interests, and philosophies that led to attacks on civil liberties, including… • Actions of the KKK • Immigration quotas • Palmer Raids

13. Exit Ticket • Turn in your movie reviews. • You were also to comment on the stereotypes in videogames blog and to the understanding prejudice survey. • Watch the following slides about the “Roaring 20s” as a preview of what is to come…

14. The Roaring 20’s

15. an agri. depression in early 1920's contributed to this urban migration • U.S. farmers lost agri. markets in postwar Europe • at same time agri. efficiency increased so more food produced (more food = lower prices) and fewer labourers needed • so farming was no longer as prosperous, and bankers called in their loans (farms repossessed) • so American farmers enter the Depression in advance of the rest of society

16. Black Americans in this period continued to live in poverty • sharecropping kept them in de facto slavery • 1915 - boll weevil wiped out the cotton crop • white landowners went bankrupt & forced blacks off their land

17. Consumer Economy

18. for immigrants – the point of origin had shifted to S & E Europe and new religions appeared: Jewish, Orthodox, Catholic • N. European immigrants of early 19c. feared this shift and felt it would undermine Protestant values • this fear was known as NATIVISM • many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe • fear of immigrants (from SE Europe) led to a sentiment known as the Red Scare (fear of comm. post-Bolshevik Rev.) • basic comm. advocates a int'l revolution by the proletariat/workers - fears that this ideology could find its way into the U.S.

19. at this time, W. Wilson was gravely ill following a stroke • his Attorney General, A. Mitchell Palmer, wanted to take a shot at the presidency - he used fears of both immigrants and communism to his advantage • he had J. Edgar Hoover round up suspected radicals, many of which were deported (Palmer Raids)

20. Scopes “Monkey” Trial Evolution vs. Creationism Science vs. Religion Dayton, Tennessee Famous Lawyers John Scopes High School Biology teacher

21. Prohibition 18th Amendment Volstead Act Gangsters untouchables Al Capone

22. PROHIBITION - on manuf. and sale of alcohol • adopted in 1919 - 18th AMENDMENT • an outgrowth of the longtime temperance movement • in WWI, temperance became a patriotic mvmt. - drunkenness caused low productivity & inefficiency, and alcohol needed to treat the wounded • a difficult law to enforce... organized crime, speakeasies, bootleggers were on the rise • Al Capone virtually controlled Chicago in this period - capitalism at its zenith… • Prohibition finally ended in 1933 w/ the 21st Amendment • forced organized crime to pursue other interests…

23. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association • believed in Black pride • advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority • Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa • he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line • attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud • he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist