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Meiotic Segregation and Combination of Genes

This educational material explores the process of meiotic segregation and combination of genes in sexual reproduction, including monohybridism, dihybridism, and trihybridism. It also discusses the various gamete types that can develop through meiotic segregation and the role of gene fission in Mendel's laws.

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Meiotic Segregation and Combination of Genes

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  1. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION Výukový materiál GE 02 - 48 Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR 2014

  2. by the sexual reproduction there develop sexual cells = gametes • gametes are haploid • a gamete contains only one set of chromosomes • meiotic segregation of father and mother chromosomes is fully coincidental MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES

  3. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES • monohybridism: • Segregation of one pair of chromosomes and one pair of alleles • the genotype is Aa • by segregation two types of gametes A anda can develop with the same probability

  4. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES • dihybridism: • segregation of two pairs of chromosomes with two pairs of alleles • the genotype is AaBb • by segregation four types of gametes AB, Ab, aB, ab can develop with the same probability

  5. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES • trihybridism: segregation of three pairs of chromosomes with three pairs of alleles the genotype is AaBbCc by segregation eight types of gametes ABC, Abc, AbC, Abc, aBC, aBc, abC, abc can develop with the same probability

  6. If the letter n means the number of chromosome pairs, then it stands good: • The number of the gametes types, which develop with the same probability by meiotic segregation, is 2n MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES

  7. by monohybridism it is 21 = 2 types of gametes • by dihybridism it is 22 = 4 types of gametes • by trihybridism it is 23 = 8 types of gametes MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES

  8. In the human gametocyte of the 1st order there are 23 pairs of chromosomes • that means => by meiotic segregation there can develop theoretically 223 various gamete types • there are more than 8 millions of various chromosome configurations in the gametes • gametes also combine coincidentally by the semination MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES

  9. genes are located on chromosomes • therefore the genes segregate in the same way as chromosomes • gametes gain various combinations of genes • gametes differ due to their genotype • this phenomenon is called gamete fission • gamete fission is the base of Mendel´s laws MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES

  10. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

  11. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

  12. MEIOTIC SEGREGATION AND COMBINATION OF GENES DESCRIBE THE PICTURE

  13. CHALUPOVÁ-KARLOVSKÁ, Vlastimila. Obecná biologie: středoškolská učebnice : evoluce, biologie buňky, genetika : s 558 řešenými testovými otázkami. 2., opr. vyd. Olomouc: Nakladatelství Olomouc, 2010, 206 s. ISBN 978-80-7182-282-0 SOURCES

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