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Cognitive Engineering

Cognitive Engineering. An interdisciplinary approach to the development of principles, methods, tools, and techniques to guide the design of computerized systems intended to support human performance. User-centered design. The questions that drive design include the following:

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Cognitive Engineering

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  1. Cognitive Engineering • An interdisciplinary approach to the development of principles, methods, tools, and techniques to guide the design of computerized systems intended to support human performance.

  2. User-centered design • The questions that drive design include the following: • What are the goals and constraints in the application domain? • What range of tasks do domain practitioners perform? • What strategies do they use to perform these tasks today? • What factors contribute to task complexity? • What tools can be provided to facilitate the work of domain practitioners and achieve their goals more effectively? from: Roth, E. M., Patterson, E. S., & Mumaw, R. J. Cognitive Engineering: Issues in User-Centered System Design. In J.J. Marciniak, Ed. Encylopedia of Software Engineering (2nd Edition). NY: John Wiley and Sons.

  3. World Agent Field of Practice Strategies Demands Artifact Affordances the “cognitive systems triad” • Factors with human and machine agents: • Human Information Processing • Perceptual characteristics • Memory and attention characteristics • Basis for skill and expertise • Sources of error • Communication and coordination • Human-Human • Human-Intelligent system • Factors in the external world/task domain: • Goal-means structure • Complexity of task elements • Hazards • Constraints on actions • Temporal dynamics • Coupling between systems • Uncertainty and risk • Factors with artifacts and information representations: • Mapping to domain goal-means structure • Visual Form • Directability / Gulf of execution • Observability / Gulf of evaluation

  4. An example • Part 1: • Look at the following list of numbers: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 • You and your partner take turns selecting a number. • Once a number is selected it cannot be chosen again. • The first one to get any 3 numbers that total 15 wins.

  5. Example (cont.) • Now let’s do this again, but looking at the following arrangement of the numbers:

  6. World Agent Field of Practice Strategies Demands Artifact Affordances Modeling this with the cognitive triad: • In the space below, identify the specific factors of the agent, artifact, and world that affected the performance on this task …

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