Introduction to Organic Chem.

1. Introduction to Organic Chem. Part 1 Intro to Hydrocarbons & Naming Rules

2. Organic Chemistry: The study of carbon containing compounds

3. Carbon Compounds and Biomolecules -Most of the compounds that make up your body contain carbon. -Carbon containing compounds are often called “organic” compounds. A trans-fatty acid

4. Carbon: The backbone of life • Living organisms are made up mostly of molecules based on carbon. • Thus the term “carbon-based life forms”.

5. Carbon: The backbone of life • Americans, on average, consume 140 lbs of sugar per year, much of it in the form of fructose (High Fructose Corn Syrup), Fructose, a hexose sugar

6. Carbon: The backbone of life • Cellulose, found in plant cell walls, is the most abundant organic compound on Earth

7. Carbon bonding • The small atomic size of carbon makes the bonds very strong (notice the close proximity of the electrons to the protons) • Carbon is unparalleled in its ability to form large, complex molecules

8. Carbon Fiber • High strength, but very low weight fiber. • Used in sports and military applications

9. Carbon Allotropes • When an element can take on different shapes, functions, or structures because of different bonding arrangements of the atoms, these are called allotropes. • Diamonds, graphite, and nanotubes are all allotropes of carbon.

10. Nanotubes • SUPER high strength-to-weight ratio

11. Hydrocarbons

12. Hydrocarbon Videos • How oil is “made” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yn99YJXpbQ • Fracking, the untold story • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEB_Wwe-uBM • Hydrocarbon Cracking • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xsqlv4rWnEg • Fractional Distillation • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYMWUz7TC3A

13. Hydrocarbons are the simplest Organic Molecules • Hydrocarbons are chains of Carbon surrounded by Hydrogen.

15. Methane, propane, etc. Gasoline, etc. Kerosene, etc. Diesel, etc. Methane, propane, etc.

17. Hydrocarbons are grouped into 3 classes • Alkanes • Only single bonds connecting the carbon atoms in the chain Octane C8H12

18. Hydrocarbons are grouped into 3 classes 2. Alkenes • Contain at least one double bond

19. Hydrocarbons are grouped into 3 classes 3. Alkynes • Contain at least one triple bond

20. Examples Alkynes

21. Hydrocarbon skeletal structure • Sometimes, in an effort to simplify things, we only show the “skeletal structure” of an organic molecule • Where are the Hydrogen’s??? Butane skeletal structure

22. Hydrocarbon skeletal structure • When you see a naked organic skeleton, the “joints” represent carbon atoms, and the Hydrogen atoms are left out. Carbon Octane skeletal structure

23. Hydrocarbon skeletal structure The lines between the joints represent the bonds between the atoms. In this case, they are all single bonds, so this is an alkane Bonds Octane skeletal structure

24. What molecule do each of these skeletons represent? 2. 1. Propene Hexyne 3. Decane

25. Different Types of molecular models • Molecules can be modeled in several different ways: • Chemical Formula • Structural Formula • Skeletal Structure • Space-filling Model

26. Propane modeled 5 separate ways C3H8 propane: chemical formula propane: space-filling model propane: skeletal structure

27. Introduction to Hydrocarbon Nomenclature(naming rules)

30. Hydrocarbon general naming formulasCnH2n+2 = alkaneCnH2n= alkeneCnH2n-2= alkyne

31. Try it out: Convert the following… 1) C3H8 ____________ 2) Propyne __________ 3) C4H8 ____________ 4) pentene __________ 5) C6H10 ____________ 6) hexane __________

32. Hydrocarbons can form rings ***Note that the general formula doesn’t work now because of the ring structure. You must look at the bond lines*** C6H6 C6H12 C5H10

33. When a hydrocarbon forms a ring, we use the term “cyclo” to denote it Cyclopentane Cyclohexene

34. Benzene is the most important ring compound Benzene