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Adaptive Immunity

Adaptive Immunity.  Response occurs within days of the infection  Highly specific  Highly diverse  Memory component  Major cell types involved: T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells. Antigens and Antibodies (CH4).

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Adaptive Immunity

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  1. Adaptive Immunity Response occurs within days of the infection Highly specific Highly diverse Memory component Major cell types involved: T cells, B cells and antigen presenting cells

  2. Antigens and Antibodies (CH4) Antigen – any substance that binds specifically to an antibody or a T cell receptor (TCR). Antibody- a protein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a specific region (component) of an antigen. Naïve B cells – membrane-bound Activated B cells (plasma cells) – soluble (have been secreted) Immunogen- a substance capable of eliciting an immune response.

  3. Epitope Epitope – portion of an antigen that reacts with an antibody or T cell receptor (TCR) also known as an antigenic determinant.

  4. Properties of immunogenicity Foreignness – molecule must be recognized as foreign. tolerance – unresponsiveness to self antigens.

  5. Properties of immunogenicity Molecular size –correlation between size an immunogenicity. Bigger is better – i.e. macromolecules Chemical composition/complexity

  6. Properties of immunogenicity Processing and presentation – important for T cell responses, ability of the antigen to be phagocytosed and processed. Large Insoluble Aggregates

  7. Immunogenicity Immunogenicity also depends on: Host factors Dosage Route of entry

  8. Recall: Jerne, Talmadge& Burnet – clonalselection theory

  9. Antibody Structure

  10. Antibody-Mediated Effector Functions Opsonization– promotion of phyagocytosis of antigens by macrophages and neutrophils. Fc receptor (FcR) Metzger 1994

  11. Antibody-Mediated Effector Functions Activate and assist complement system

  12. Antibody Classes Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Most abundant class Four subclasses Activate complement system

  13. Antibody Classes Immunoglobulin M (IgM) Pentamer 1st class produced in response to an antigen Activates complement system

  14. Antibody Classes Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Predominant class in secretions Secretory IgA

  15. Antibody Classes Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Hypersensitivity reactions

  16. Antibody Classes Immunoglobulin D (IgD) Major membrane-bound immunoglobulin expressed by mature B cells.

  17. Antigenic determinants on immunoglobulins Isotype Allotype Idiotype

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