citizens' disaster response center

1. Philippine Climate Change Reality: Its Effects on People’s Vulnerability and Challenges to Reducing Poverty citizens' disaster response center

2. PART 1: Introduction to some Climate Change Realities in the Philippines The Philippine Climate is predominantly influenced by monsoons 2 PRONOUNCED SEASONS: ▪DRY : November-April ▪WET: May-October citizens' disaster response center

3. The Philippine climate is gradually changing Temperature extreme: Really, really hot during the dry or summer season and extremely cold during the cold months of November to February JANUARY 2003 ▪ The coldest month in the last 3 decades ▪ The mercury dropped to 6 degree Celsius in the Northern part of the country ▪ 6 people died of respiratory diseases in Baguio ▪ Frost destroyed 10 hectares of potato & carrot plantations in Benguet citizens' disaster response center

4. BUT… The Philippine climate is gradually changing JANUARY 2003 Southern part of Luzon ▪ Drought caused by El Niño damaged 4,389 hectares of rice & corn plantation ▪ 17 towns & cities were affected, with damage estimated to be worth PhP32M citizens' disaster response center

5. BUT… The Philippine climate is gradually changing PAGASA reported that in a 3-week period in the first 2 months of 2003: ▪ Baguio heated up from 8 degrees to 14 degrees Celsius ▪ Temperature in Manila rose from 16 degrees to 20.4 degrees Celsius citizens' disaster response center

6. Temperature rise is a serious climate change concern especially at the onset of El Niño in the last 2 decades. 2002-03 1997-98 1991-93 1986-87 La Niña compounds this climate change situation. 1982-83 citizens' disaster response center

7. 1990-91 El Niño dry spells 42 provinces in a state of calamity due to damage to crops & farmlands Damage amounted to PhP5.486B ▪ 302,777 hectares of farmlands destroyed ▪ 943,133 metric tons of rice & corn damaged citizens' disaster response center

8. 1990-91 Typhoons in Leyte & Samar ▪90% of Ormoc, Leyte ruined ▪ 120,000 people affected ▪6,000 people killed citizens' disaster response center

9. 1997-98 El Niñoheated up practically the whole country ▪ from the usual 20 cyclones/year, only 14 visited the country As El Niño effects waned ▪produce fromover 2 million hectares worth about PhP14B ruined … 5 destructive typhoons hit other parts of the country ▪more than 2 million families experienced food shortage … Typhoon Loleng left Bicol & Southern Tagalog with 300 people dead ▪ignited some 126,012 hectares of forestlands citizens' disaster response center

10. October 2002 to June 2003 Mild El Niñomost felt in ▪ Northern Luzon particularly in Cagayan Valley ▪Southern Luzon affecting mostly the Bicol Region 2 Months after the El Niño ▪continuous monsoon rains in the Visayas & Mindanao ▪flashfloods & landslides affected 23,459 families in 4 Mindanao provinces and in Leyte citizens' disaster response center

11. November 29-December 7 2004: Typhoons Unding, Violeta, Winnie and Yoyong • Also a climate variation: • It happened in a two-week period • The rainfall registered a record high of 1131.9 mm for a continuous rain of 11 days. It almost equaled the highest monthly volume of rainfall recorded from 1950-2000 for the whole month of November in 1966.

12. Climate Variations El Niño & La Niña occurrences Period El Niño (Affected areas) Typhoons & Floods (Affected areas) 1982-83 Severe: Central Luzon, So Tagalog, W Mindanao, Region 2, parts of Region 1Moderate: Regions 1,2,3,5 1981: Typhoon Dinang, storm surges1982: Typhoons Weling & BeningMindoro (108 deaths) 1986-87 1986: Typhoon Gading-Regions 3,6,81987: Typhoons Ising, Sisang, Bebang, Trining & Herming-Regions 1,2,4 W Luzon, Bicol Region, most of Luzon & Northeastern Mindanaototal of 44 provinces citizens' disaster response center

13. Period El Niño (Affected areas) Typhoons & Floods (Affected areas) 1991: Typhoons Uring & Trining-No Luzon & Visayas (badly hit were Leyte & Ormoc City in Samar)1992: 4 typhoons that caused lahar flows & flooding in C Luzon Central Luzon, So Tagalog, No Visayas, Western Mindanao, Region 2 & parts of Region 1total of 42 provinces 1991-93(severe to moderate) 1997-98 (severe) Practically whole country (except extreme part of No Luzon & So Palawan 1997: Typhoons Bining & Ibyang-C Luzon & Metro ManilaFlashfloods as high as 2-4 ft in Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte & Davao Oriental October 2002-June 2003 Most parts of the country Typhoon Milenyo-C Luzon, Metro Manila, Visayas-Monsoon rains caused landslides & flashflods in So Leyte

14. Decadal trend of annual mean sea level (in meters) Station Manila Legazpi Cebu Jolo Davao 1950-59 change - 0.07 + 0.044 - 0.099 - 0.090 - 0.080 1960-69 change - 0.071 - 0.024 - 0.085 - 0.078 + 0.083 1970-79 change +0.183 + 0.074 + 0.069 + 0.027 - 0.020 1980-89 change +0.142 + 0.165 + 0.165 + 0.009 + 0.069 citizens' disaster response center

15. Sea level rise Most coastal areas along Manila Bay would succumb to a one-meter sea level citizens' disaster response center

16. Philippine Climate Change Reality: Its Effects on People’s Vulnerability and its Challenges in Reducing Poverty citizens' disaster response center

17. CLIMATE CHANGE ADDS UP TO PEOPLE’S VULNERABILITY In the Philippines, disasters whether climate-induced or not add up to the already impoverished situation of the majority of Filipino families who are living below the poverty line The harmful effects of climate change and the disasters it induced bear heavily on the most vulnerable or marginalized segments of the Philippine population especially the poor peasants citizens' disaster response center

18. Climate change have claimed thousands of lives & billions worth of property 1986-90 A total of 84 typhoons ▪ wrought damage amounting to PhP36.461B ▪ 1990 registered the highest loss at PhP17.341B Periodic droughts ▪ damaged some PhP20.478B worth of crops ▪ 1997-98 El Niño affected 68% of the country ▪ Oct 2002-June2003 El Niño damaged PhP392.86M in agriculture & aquaculture citizens' disaster response center

19. The December 2004 typhoon-induced Landslide Disaster incurred the following losses: • Death: 1,608 persons • Displaced: 880,000 persons • Totally destroyed houses: 38,538 • Partially damaged houses: 133,161 • Damage to agriculture: 107,853 hectares of agricultural crops were destroyed. Losses were estimated to cost PhP830M • Damage to public and private property: estimated to cost PhP 7 B.

20. Quezon and Aurora Province: A Year After • Only 40% of the destroyed houses were rebuilt • 80% of agricultural lands were not yet rehabilitated • Lands that were previously planted to rice and corn do not bear growth

21. MONTHLY FAMILY BUDGET (Average urban poor family living on $3/day or PhP165 =Php 4,950) Food (1 ½ kg. rice/day and viand): P2,835.00 Electricity: 600.00 Water: 100.00 Schooling of children (P10/dayx2x26) 520.00 Operational expenses:(P25/dayx26) 650.00 Kerosene/LPG 300-500.00 5,005.00

22. Average Farmer’s income in one planting season • Expenses to farm a 1 hectare rice land: PhP 14,700 • 1. Farm Inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides): PhP12,400 (50%-50% share with the landlord) • 2. Land preparation (mechanized tractor and harrow): PhP2,300 (50-50) • Average Regular Yield: 80 sacks • LESS: 16 sacks (2 sacks for every 10 sacks) • 1. Post-harvest expenses (thresher and farm worker) • 2. 50% share of the landlord • NUMBER OF SACKS LEFT TO THE FARMER: 32 sacks • 32 sacks x PhP 350 = PhP 8,200-7,350 = PhP850

23. The El Nino Disaster Preparedness Program: Learning with the Communities in Understanding Climate and Climate Change and Coping with it ‘Beware of the sea during a bloody red sunset and enjoy its abundance when dawn breaks and the sky is red.’ ▪ implemented by CDRC together with 3 partner Regional Centers ▪ implemented in 23 Communities from 6 provinces nationwide ▪ supported by the Diakonisches Werk-Diakonie Emergency Aid & the German Government Foreign Ministry citizens' disaster response center

24. Training & Education: Key to Awareness Raising & Disaster Preparedness • Five training courses conducted • 1. El Nino Disaster Preparedness Training • 2. Appropriate Agriculture in Drought Situation • 3. Community-based Research and Monitoring • 4. Advocacy and Campaign Management Skills • 5. Advocacy Project Proposal Making ▪ 5 more training courses developed - El Niño Disaster Preparedness Training ▪ - Appropriate Agriculture in Drought Situation - Community-based Research & Monitoring - Advocacy Campaign Management Skills Training - Advocacy Project Proposal Making citizens' disaster response center

25. Training & Education: Key to Awareness Raising & Disaster Preparedness • Five training courses conducted • 1. El Nino Disaster Preparedness Training • 2. Appropriate Agriculture in Drought Situation • 3. Community-based Research and Monitoring • 4. Advocacy and Campaign Management Skills • 5. Advocacy Project Proposal Making Advocacy Campaign & Management Skills Training and Advocacy Project Proposal Making Aims to increase the level of awareness of affected communities on El Niño & its effects to the socio-economic activities, livelihood, health & general wellbeing Participants later initiated actions on: ▪ Coming up with project proposals ▪ activities to discuss the effects of El Niño & other climate change related issues ▪ environmental projects like tree planting & cleaning of rivers citizens' disaster response center

26. Amplifying El Nino Awareness and Disaster Preparedness through Advocacy and Public Information Dissemenation ▪ Community meetings / assemblies & focus group discussions held ▪ 5 more training courses developed ▪ 12 municipal forums held - El Niño Disaster Preparedness Training ▪ a four-day National Workshop on Lessons Learned from El Niño Disaster Preparedness Program held - Appropriate Agriculture in Drought Situation - Community-based Research & Monitoring ▪ Classroom discussions & seminars on disasters & El Niño conducted - Advocacy Campaign Management Skills Training - Advocacy Project Proposal Making citizens' disaster response center

27. Amplifying El Nino Awareness and Disaster Preparedness through Advocacy and Public Information Dissemenation A total volume of 120,000 information, education and communication materials were published: 1. Basic Concepts of Disaster and Disaster Management 2. Understanding El Nino and Drought 3. Fires, Forest Fires and El Nino 4. Surviving Drought: Agriculture and Livestock Production in Drought Situation 5. Health Measures During El Nino 6. Water and Environmental Sanitation ▪ 5 more training courses developed - El Niño Disaster Preparedness Training - Appropriate Agriculture in Drought Situation - Community-based Research & Monitoring - Advocacy Campaign Management Skills Training - Advocacy Project Proposal Making citizens' disaster response center

28. Community Mobilization & Organizing: Key to Strengthening Resolve & Community Action toward Disaster Awareness & Preparedness ▪ Resolves were manifested through - Formulation of community counter-disaster plan ▪all 23 project communities developed & formulated a counter-disaster plan - Formation of family clusters & disaster preparedness committees - Development of project proposals ▪A total of 148 families formed ▪23 Disaster Preparedness Committees formed citizens' disaster response center

29. Climate Change and its challenges to the MDG and poverty reduction • Poverty cannot be eradicated if climate extremes like drought/El Nino and tropical cyclones will destroy the very limited economic sources and means of vulnerable population • Universal primary education cannot be achieved if climate change-induced disasters or its other consequences hinder the economic capacities of families to send their children to schools or if school structures were destroyed by these disasters. • Environmental sustainability will be difficult to achieve if programs and practices contributing to global warming continue. • Combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases will be very difficult and on the other hand, climate-change induced diseases and illnesses like heat stroke (during extremely hot weather), diarrhea, asthma, etc. could aggravate the health situation

30. The greater challenge being posed by climate change and the disasters it induced is more than the question of How to prepare communities and people toward climate change preparedness, adaptation and mitigation but uplifting the people’s economic and organizational capacity to withstand its adverse effects

31. Philippine Climate Change Realities: Maraming Salamat Po! Its Effects and How the People Cope with It THANKYOU! citizens' disaster response center