Chapter M: Microorganisms

1. Chapter M: Microorganisms

2. 3 Domains: Eukarya Bacteria Archaea

3. Domain Archaea Little known. Live inside bodies of animals and humans but none are known to cause disease.

5. Domain Archaea Many are extremophiles: Found in extreme environments. Phile means lover.

6. Domain Archaea Play important roles in our carbon and nitrogen cycles.

10. Bacteria Where are bacteria found? EVERYWHERE.

11. Bacteria Bacteria are found on our skin

13. Bacteria Bacteria are found in our gut

15. Bacteria Bacteria are found in our mouth

17. Bacteria Bacteria are in the dirt

19. Bacteria Bacteria are in our food

21. Bacteria Prokaryotic cells that are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. They can be distinguished by their shape.

22. Bacteria

23. Bacteria

24. Bacteria

25. Cyanobacteria Contain chlorophyll. Undergo photosynthesis and release oxygen into the air.

27. Bacterial Structures Bacteria have plasma membranes. Its functions are selective permeability and is the site of cell respiration.

28. Bacterial Structures Bacteria have cell walls made of peptidoglycan. It is composed of sugars and amino acids.

30. Bacterial Structures Bacterial DNA &plasmids are bacteria genetic material.

31. Bacterial Structures Bacterial DNA is circular, single stranded and smaller than eukaryotic DNA

32. Bacterial Structures Plasmids contain extra genetic information. They can be transferred between bacteria.

33. Bacterial Structures Plasmids may carry genes for antibiotic resistance which is another explanation of how antibiotic resistance may spread so quickly.

34. Bacterial Structures Antibiotic resistance is a large problem in hospitals because of the population in hospitals are immunocompromised or more susceptible to infection.

35. Bacterial Structures Precautions must be taken to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria within the hospital environment.

37. Bacterial Structures Bacteria have a capsule which is outside the cell wall. It protects the bacteria from chemicals and allows it to stick to surfaces.

38. Bacterial Structures The capsule allows the bacteria to form biofilms. A biofilm is a colony of bacteria that adhere to surfaces.

40. Bacterial Structures Biofilms may for on your teeth or in hospital devices.

42. Bacterial Structures In biofilms, bacteria live protected in a colony and are surrounded in capsule, so they develop synergistic strategies to survive.

43. Bacterial Structures They are able to share nutrients and effectively dispose of waste. Formation of biofilms protect bacteria from drugs and chemicals.

45. Bacterial Structures Bacteria also have flagella. Flagella help the bacteria move. They may have one or more flagella.

47. Bacterial Structures Bacteria may form endospores. Endospores are formed under stress such as UV radiation, high temperature or other harsh conditions.

49. Bacterial Structures Endospores help the bacteria survive under conditions which may kill the cell. They can survive for long periods of time.