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Understanding Population Growth and Interactions

Explore the dynamics of population growth, factors influencing it, and interactions between organisms such as competition, predation, parasitism, and mutualism.

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Understanding Population Growth and Interactions

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  1. Výukový materiál EK 01 - 14 Tvůrce: Ing. Marie Jiráková Tvůrce anglické verze: Mgr. Milan Smejkal Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005 Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR population

  2. POPULATION • A group of organisms, all of the same species, which occupies a particular area.

  3. Populationsize (quantity) • POPULATION: THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS INCREASING AND GROWS IN FAVOURABLE CONDITIONS THE NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IS DECREASING IN UNFAVOURABLE CONDITIONS

  4. POPULATION SIZE INFLUENCED BY: • BIRTH RATE – NATALITY • DEATH RATE – MORTALITY • MOVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS - MIGRATION

  5. INDICATORS OF POPULATION GROWTH • QUANTITY-the number of individuals in a population • DENSITY - the number of individuals on a particular surface

  6. POPULATION GROWTH The birth rate prevails over mortality • favourable environmental conditions (sufficient food, room, etc). EXPONENTIAL GROWTH • badenvironmentalconditions LIMITED GROWTH

  7. POPULATION GROWTH – OTHER FACTORS • FLUCTUATION IN POPULATION GROWTH (Dependson food, climate changes) • VITALITY OF POPULATION (Influenced by the number of individuals) • POPULATION STRUCTURE (DEPENDS ON THE AGE OF INDIVIDUALS, GENDER,HIERARCHY, SOCIAL STRUCTURE) ) • POPULATION DENSITY AND PLACEMENT

  8. The distribution of populations in space: • Regular • Accidental • In groups

  9. Relationshipsbetweenorganisms They are: • INSIDE THE SPECIES • BETWEEN THE SPECIES

  10. COMPETITION • INDIVIDUALS OF THE SAME KINDOR OF DIFFERENT KINDS COMPETEFOR: FOOD, LIGHT, SPACE, etc. • COMPETITIONCANSUPPRESSOTHERSPECIES OR TO BE INBALANCEBETWEENSPECIES.

  11. PREDATION • One organism, the predator, obtains energy (as food) by consuming, usually killing, another, the prey.

  12. PARASITISM • Oneorganism (the parasite) lives in or on another (the host), fromwhichitobtainsfood, shelter, orotherrequirements. • THE PARASITES, HOLOPARASITES • ENDOPARASITES live insidethe body ofthe host. • ECTOPARASITES live externally on the host.

  13. MUTUALISM • Aninteractionbetweenmembersoftwo species whichbenefitsboth. • SYMBIOSIS –dissimilarorganisms live together in closeassociation. • PROTOCOOPERATION – looseinteraction. • Co-operation – similarorganisms live together in closeassociation

  14. Worksheet - Revision POPULATION GROWTH IS INFLUENCED BY………………...................... POPULATION GROWTH MAY BE ……………..OR ……………. POPULATION SIZE IS INFLUENCED BY …………………………… VITALITY OF POPULATION IS INFLUENCED BY………………………. PREDATION IS ………………………………………………………… SYMBIOSIS IS ………………………………………………………..

  15. SOURCE • PAPÁČEK, Miroslav a kol. Zoologie. Praha: pedagogické nakladatelství, 2000, ISBN 80-7183-203-0. • KVASNIČKOVÁ, Danuše. Základy ekologie. Praha: Scientia,spol.s r.o., 1994, ISBN 80-85827-84-0 • BRANIŠ, Martin. Základy ekologie a ochrany životního prostředí. 2. vyd. Praha: Informatorium, 1999. ISBN 80-86073-52-1.

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