LANL Annual Budget Briefing Tuesday, February 21, 2006

1. LANL Annual Budget BriefingTuesday, February 21, 2006 Louis –LANL NP Program & Future Budgets Louis –MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans Hime –SNO Highlights & Future Plans Cooper –Neutron Highlights & Future Plans Leitch –PHENIX Highlights & Future Plans Carlson –NuclearTheory Highlights & Future Plans

2. LANL NP Program & Future BudgetsW. Louis Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

3. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets The LANL NP Program LANL NP Program emphasizes 3 of the NSAC Performance Measures: • Recreate brief, tiny samples of hot, dense nuclear matter to search for the quark-gluon plasma & characteristic properties • Measure fundamental properties of neutrinos and fundamental symmetries by using neutrinos from the sun & nuclear reactors & by using radioactive decay measurements • Investigate new regions of nuclear structure and interactions in nuclear matter like those in neutron stars, and determine the reactions that created nuclei • Heavy Ions & Spin Physics– QCD at high energies & densities, cold nuclear matter, spin of the nucleon • Theory – Nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics • Neutrons – Measuring symmetries & tests of the Standard Model • Neutrinos – Measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties • Nuclear Data – Making available nuclear cross section advances • RIA R&D – Accelerator R&D

4. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY06 Summary: LANL • FY06 compared to FY05 funding:ME -14%; ME hadrons+2%; HI -12%; Theory+4%; ND -11%; LE Non-Accelerator-4%; LE neutrons-39% • Scientific objectives:quark matter & QCD at high energies & densities; nucleon spin; theory of nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics; making available nuclear cross section advances; measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties; measuring symmetries & searching for physics beyond the SM; • Accomplishments:analysis of PHENIX d-Au & Au-Au data & discovery of a new state of matter; broad range of nuclear theory explored; SNO reported salt results & began taking data with NCDs; MiniBooNE completed neutrino data taking and began taking data with antineutrinos; established EDM feasibility; • Issues:Loss of effort due to reduced funding; Proposal for PHENIX Forward Silicon Vertex Detector; EDM R&D funding; MiniBooNE data analysis;

5. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY07 Summary: LANL • FY07 compared to FY06 funding:ME +1% ME hadrons +23%; HI +9%; Theory +3%; ND +21%; LE Non-Accelerator +5%; LE Neutrons +35%; • Scientific objectives:quark matter & QCD at high energies & densities; nucleon spin; theory of nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics; making available nuclear cross section advances; measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties; measuring symmetries & searching for physics beyond the SM; • Performance/Activities:Continued analysis of PHENIX d-Au & Au-Au data, analysis of gluon spin data, & construction of silicon vertex detector upgrade; broad range of nuclear theory explored; SNO NCD & precision solar spectrum results; results from npd& UCNA experiments; move npdto SNS; begin construction of EDM; final MiniBooNE neutrino results; • Impacts:Recovery from loss of effort in FY06 with funding back to FY05 levels; future of double beta decay & neutrino program? resources for both PHENIX data analysis and Silicon Vertex upgrade?

6. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY08 (-5%) 5-Year Summary: LANL • Scientific objectives:quark matter & QCD at high energies & densities; nucleon spin; theory of nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics; making available nuclear cross section advances; measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties; measuring symmetries & searching for physics beyond the SM; • Performance/Activities:reduced analysis of PHENIX d-Au & Au-Au data with silicon vertex detector; reduced range of nuclear theory explored; final SNO results & construction start of Majorana experiment?; final results from npd& UCNA experiments at LANL?; operation of npdexperiment at FNPB/SNS?; construction of EDM experiment; • Impacts:delay of neutron program; reduced PHENIX silicon vertex detector upgrade & analysis; delay of Majorana?; reduced scope of theory effort; curtail theory effort of RHIC pert. QCD or fundamental symmetries;

7. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY08 (flat) 5-Year Summary: LANL • Scientific objectives:quark matter & QCD at high energies & densities; nucleon spin; theory of nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics; making available nuclear cross section advances; measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties; measuring symmetries & searching for physics beyond the SM; • Performance/Activities:analysis of PHENIX d-Au & Au-Au data with silicon vertex detector; broad range of nuclear theory explored; final SNO results & construction start of Majorana experiment; final results from npd& UCNA experiments at LANL; operation of npdexperiment at FNPB/SNS & construction of EDM experiment; • Impacts:Neutron program restored but other FNPB/SNS experiments (ndt, Nab, abBA) delayed; PHENIX silicon vertex detector upgrade & analysis restored, but nucleon spin analysis marginal; reduce theory effort of RHIC pert. QCD or fundamental symmetries; construction start of Majorana?

8. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY08 (+3.5%) 5-Year Summary: LANL • Scientific objectives: quark matter & QCD at high energies & densities; nucleon spin; theory of nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics; making available nuclear cross section advances; measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties; measuring symmetries & searching for physics beyond the SM; • Performance/Activities:analysis of PHENIX d-Au & Au-Au data with silicon vertex detector; broad range of nuclear theory explored; final SNO results & construction of Majorana experiment; final results from npd& UCNA experiments at LANL; operation of npdexperiment at FNPB/SNS & construction of EDM experiment & ndtexperiment ; • Impacts:Other experiments (ndt, Nab, abBA) considered at FNPB/SNS; strong PHENIX nucleon spin analysis; significant theory effort of RHIC pert. QCD or fundamental symmetries; strong contribution to Majorana; full completion of npd& UCNA experiments at LANL;

9. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY08 (+10%) 5-Year Summary: LANL • Scientific objectives: quark matter & QCD at high energies & densities; nucleon spin; theory of nuclear few & many-body physics, high-density QCD, neutrinos, & astrophysics; making available nuclear cross section advances; measuring neutrino masses, mixings, & properties; measuring symmetries & searching for physics beyond the SM; • Performance/Activities:analysis of PHENIX d-Au & Au-Au data with silicon vertex detector & analysis of LHC data; broad range of nuclear theory explored; final SNO results & construction of Majorana experiment; BooNE/SNS experiment if MiniBooNE confirms LSND; final results from npd& UCNA experiments at LANL; operation of npdexperiment at FNPB/SNS & construction of EDM experiment & Nab, abBA, & ndtexperiments; support UCN neutron lifetime experiment at LANL; • Impacts:Strong heavy-ion program at both RHIC & LHC; strong neutron program at the SNS (including Nab, abBA, & ndtexperiments); CLEAN solar neutrino/dark matter experiment; BooNE/SNS experiment if MiniBooNE confirms LSND; theory topical center in neutrino & nuclear astrophysics; support UCN neutron lifetime experiment at LANL;

10. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Significant Accomplishments • PHENIX obtains evidence for a new state of matter at high energy density: The PHENIX experiment, together with other experiments at RHIC, has obtained evidence for a new state of matter. The new state of matter is consistent with a strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) that behaves more like a liquid than a gas. More data from RHIC, and eventually from the LHC at CERN, will help elucidate the properties of this QGP. • New stable state of matter at high baryon density: The “gapless SC” phase of matter, which has been postulated by Wilczek in matter with different Fermi surfaces, has been shown to be stable to phase separation. This state of matter can be relevant in high-density QCD, as in the center of neutron stars, and is being searched for experimentally in cold Fermi Atom experiments at MIT & Rice. • SNO confirms neutrino oscillation results with salt data: The SNO experiment has reported neutrino oscillation results with salt data that confirm the D2O neutrino oscillation results. Combined, these results demonstrate that electron neutrinos from the sun oscillate into muon and tau neutrinos and that the total neutrino flux agrees well with theoretical predictions. SNO is now taking data with Neutral Current Detectors (NCDs) in its third and final phase, which is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2006. • MiniBooNE completes neutrino running & begins antineutrino running: The MiniBooNE neutrino oscillation experiment has completed its neutrino data taking after collecting over 7000,000 neutrino events from ~7E20 protons on target. The experiment is now taking data with antineutrinos. First neutrino oscillation results are expected in 2006.

11. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Upcoming Results from LANL NP Program • PHENIX – Results on the QGP, J/ Suppression & Open Charm in Cold Nuclear Matter, & Gluon Spin Results • SNO – Results from NCDs • MiniBooNE – First Oscillation Results • NPD –First Results • UCNA – First Results

12. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Future LANL Experimental Program Short Term • PHENIX Silicon Vertex Upgrade • EDM & NPDat FNPB/SNS • Majorana Double Beta Decay Long Term • Heavy Ions at the LHC • NDT& Nab & abBA at FNPB/SNS; • BooNE/OscSNS (if MiniBooNE confirms the LSND signal) • CLEAN Solar Neutrino/Dark Matter Experiment • UCN Neutron Lifetime at LANSCE

13. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY05 Publications

14. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY05/FY06 Awards FY2005 • APS Fellow – Steve Elliott • LANL Fellow – Andrew Hime • LANL Oppenheimer Fellow – Ivan Vitev

15. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Conferences, Meetings, Workshops Organized in FY05 1. PANIC 06, Santa Fe, October, 2005; (>600 participants) 2. Bethe Symposium, LANL, August 2005 3. Workshop on the Future of Nuclear Physics at LANSCE, Santa Fe, July 2005 4. Workshop on Implications of Neutrino Flavor Oscillations (INFO 05), Santa Fe, July 2005 5. Workshop on Physics & Astrophysics of Supernovae Neutrinos, Santa Fe, July 2005 6. Annual PHENIX Muon Workshop, Santa Fe, June 2005 7. The Physics of the S-Process, Aspen, May 29 – June 12, 2005 8. International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science & Technology, Santa Fe, September 26 – October 1, 2004; (445 participants from 31 countries)

16. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets LDRD History LDRD funding ~doubles LANL Nuclear Physics Productivity!

17. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Distribution of FY05-08 Capital Equipment/AIP Funds ($k)

18. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets FY06 Operating Cost Components Starting with provided base pay, insert appropriate burdens and overheads to calculate total costs and cumulative factors. Example (from LBNL): Use categories appropriate for your institution: But want to understand what it costs DOE to pay staff ($100K) or buy something ($100K)

19. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Recent Applications and Spin-offs from Nuclear Physics Basic Research Application: Muon Radiography & Low Cost Neutron Detectors Developed at: LANL Results of NP research: Electronics & Detectors used for Heavy Ion & Neutrino Research Currently being supported by: LANL LDRD Funding Impact/Benefit to spin-off field: Detection of Illicit Radiological Materials

20. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets Student Training at Lab *Includes undergraduates and graduates that may have assisted scientists in their research. This data is consistent with data provided to NP last year, February 2004.

21. LANL Nuclear Physics Program & Future Budgets PhD Age Distribution Supported by Nuclear Physics in FY 2006 (Head count)

22. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future PlansW. Louis Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

23. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans Current Neutrino Oscillation Signals Expt. Type Dm2 (eV2) sin22q LSND-> e~1 ~3x10-3 Atm.-> ~2x10-3 ~1 Solar e-> ,~8x10-5 ~0.8

24. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans If LSND Signal Confirmed by MiniBooNE: Physics Beyond the Standard Model & Connections with Astrophysics! For example: 3+2 Sterile Neutrinos Sorel, Conrad, & Shaevitz (hep-ph/0305255) Explain Pulsar Kicks? Explain R-Process in Supernovae? Sterile Neutrinos Explain Dark Matter? MaVaNs & 3+1 Hung(hep-ph/0010126) Sterile Neutrino Kaplan, Nelson, & Weiner (hep-ph/0401099) Explain Dark Energy? CPT Violation & 3+1Barger, Marfatia, & Whisnant (hep-ph/0308299) Sterile Neutrino Explain Baryon Asymmetry in the Universe? Quantum Decoherence Barenboim & Mavromatos (hep-ph/0406035) Lorentz Violation Kostelecky & Mewes (hep-ph/0406255) Extra Dimensions Pas, Pakvasa, & Weiler (hep-ph/0504096) Sterile Neutrino Decay Palomares-Ruiz, Pascoli, & Schwetz (hep-ph/0505216)

25. MiniBooNE has completed neutrino run with >700K neutrino events First neutrino oscillation results in 2006; (“Box” will be opened as soon as outstanding agreement is obtained between data & MC) MiniBooNE now running with antineutrinos (Negative-polarity charging supplies purchased by LANL with LDRD funds); Co-spokespersons for antineutrino running are Steve Brice (FNAL) & Richard Van de Water (LANL) SciBooNE experiment has received stage-1 approval at Fermilab; involves moving Japanese SciBar detector to Fermilab for antineutrino cross section measurements; MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans

26. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans MiniBooNE Neutrino Events Are Very Clean! Neutrino Signal to Cosmic-Ray Background ~ 5000 to 1!

27. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans CCQE Energy Distribution ~10% energy resolution MiniBooNE now has one of the largest samples of CCQE events!

28. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans CCp+ Energy Distribution + p, n +(+) p, n MiniBooNE now has the world's largest sample of CC +events!

29. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans If LSND Signal Confirmed: BooNE & OscSNS • If the LSND signal is not confirmed, then the LANL neutrino groups will join forces on a strong effort on Double Beta Decay • If the LSND signal is confirmed, then the crucial question is: what is the new physics Beyond the Standard Model? • BooNE would involve a second “MiniBooNE-like” detector (~$10M) at a different distance; with 2 detectors, many of the systematics would cancel • OscSNS would involve building a “MiniBooNE-like” detector (~$15M) at a distance of ~60 m from the SNS beam stop

30. MiniBooNE Highlights & Future Plans OscSNS •  -> e(L/E) ~ 3% ; e p -> e+ p •  -> s(L/E) < 1% ; Monoenergetic ;  C ->  C*(15.11) OscSNS would be capable of making precision measurements of e appearance &  disappearance and proving, for example, the existence of sterile neutrinos! (see Phys. Rev. D72, 092001 (2005))