Kingdom Animalia

1. Kingdom Animalia

2. Animals are multicellular, Heterotrophic organisms, composed of cells that lack cell walls and chlorophyll, capable of locomotion or movement by means of contractile fibers (muscles) and they have nervous system.

3. The Classification of animals is based on: Body Plan Symmetry (a. Radial. b. Bilateral) Number of germ layers. Levels of organization Coelom or Body cavity Segmentation Cephalization

4. Primitive Invertebrates I. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) Primitive, sessile, mostly marine, water dwelling, filter feeders that pump water through their bodies to filter out particles of food matter. Sponges represent the simplest of animals with no true tissues, they lack muscles, nerves and internal organs.

5. Sponge skeleton: Choanocytes (Collar cells): function as digestive system. Porocytes: tubular cells that make up the pores. Myocytes: control the size of osculum and pore openings. Sclerocytes: secrete calcareous or siliceous spicules.

7. II. Phylum Cnidaria include: hydroids, jellyfishes, sea anemones and corals. Known as coelentrates. Radially symmetrical. Some are: Sessile polyps: Mouth points upward. Swimming medusa: mouth points downward. The phylum is divided into 3 classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa.

8. Class HydrozoaLike Hydra, Obelia Obelia polyp Hydra Obelia medusa

9. Class Scyphozoa Like Jellyfish (Aurelia) Aurelia Aurelia medusa

10. Class Anthozoa Like sea anemones and corals sea anemones corals

11. III. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Bilateral symmetry. Dorsoventrally flattened. 3 embryonic body layers. Lack body cavity. Have gastrovascular cavity. Have 3 main classes: Turbellaria, Trematoda (flukes), Cestoidea (tapeworms)

12. Class Turbellaria Like: Planaria

13. Class Trematoda (flukes) Like: Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) Fasciola Hepatica Fasciola Hepatica: Living adult in bile duct.

14. Class Cestoidea ( tapeworms) Like: Taenia saginata Class Cestoidea ( tapeworms) Like: Taenia saginata Taenia saginata Taenia saginata Taenia saginata Taenia saginata scolex

15. IV. Phylum Nematoda (Round worms) Have tube within tube body plan. Have pseudocoelom. Wide spread & abundant. Live in marine, fresh water, plants and animals. Not segmented. Separate sexes. Like: Ascaris

17. V. Phylum Rotifera (Rotifers) Pseudocoelomates. Live in fresh water. Called: Wheel animals

19. VI. Phylum Annelida It is a Protostomes: mouth develops before anus. Body segmented into series of similar segments. Many internal structures are repeated in each segment. Have closed circulatory system and a nephridia based excretory system. Have 2 classes: Oligochaeta and Hirudinea.

20. Class Oligochaeta- Like earthworm (Lumbricus)

21. Class Hirudinea (Leeches) Like: leech

22. Phylum Mollusca Mostly marine animals some are fresh water or terrestrial. Soft & unsegmented body. Compsed of: muscular foot, a visceral mass, and a mantle. Separate sexes. Have 4 classes: Polyplacophra, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Cephalopoda.

23. Class Polyplacophora (Chitons) Oval shape. Poorly developed head. Muscular foot. The mantle is dorsal.

25. Class Gastropoda (Snails, Slugs, Limpets) Body is formed of: head, foot and visceral hump. Slug and nudibranchs lack shell.

26. Snail Limpets Slug

27. Class Bivalvia (Bivalves) include: mussels, oysters, clams, and their relatives. The body is completely enclosed by mantle which secretes calcareous shell. Feeds by filtering particles from water.

28. mussels clams oysters

29. Class Cephalopoda (Cephalopods-squid, octopus, nautilus) Carnivores. Fast moving Well-developed heads Huge eyes.

30. Cephalopods-squid nautilus octopus

31. IIX. Phylum Arthropoda Segmented body. Hard exoskeleton. Skeleton is jointed. The phylum is subdivided into 3 subphyla: Chelicrata, Crustacea, Uniramia.

32. 1. Subphylum Chelicerata (Chelicerates) Class Arachnida (spiders, ticks, scorpions) Have pairs of appendages known as chelicerae as the first appendages.

33. spiders scorpions ticks

34. 2. Subphylum Crustacea Class Crustacea Body divided into: cephalothorax & an abdomen. 2 pairs of antenna. Pair of compound eyes. Chewing mouth parts e.g: Cray fish, crabs, barnacles.

35. Cray fish barnacles crabs

36. 3. Subphylum Uniramia Class Insecta Class Chilopoda (e.g: centipede) Class Diplopoda (e.g: millipede)

37. millipede centipede Insects

38. IX. Phylum Echinodermata (Echinoderms) spiny- skinned animals. Include: sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea lilies, sea cucumbers, feather stars. Marine animals. Five part radial symmetry. Have water vascular system. Divided into classes: Ophiuroidea (brittle stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins & sea dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Asteroidea.

39. Class Ophiuroidea (brittle stars) - Have central disc & 5 movable arms covered with spines.

40. Class Echinoidea (sea urchins & sand dollars)

41. sand dollars sea urchins

42. Class Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers)

43. Class Asteroidea (sea star)

44. X. Phylum Chordata (chordates) Have notochord. Include 2 invertebrates subphyla: Urochordata (tunicates), and Cephalochordata (lancelets), and the familiar subphylum vertebrata.

45. Subphylum Urochordata (tunicates)

46. Subphylum: Cephalochordata (lancelets)

47. subphylum vertebrata The most prominent characters of this subphylum: A jointed backbone or vertebral column replaces the embryonic notochord. Relatively few gills slits in the pharynx. Ventral heart with at least 2-4 chambers. A nerve cord enlarged anteriorly to form a brain to which is connected to pairs of olfactory, optic and auditory sense organs. A brain protected by a surrounding skeletal box or cranium. Contain 2 major superclasses: The Agnatha (jawless vertebrates), & The Gnathostmata (jawed vertebrats).

48. Superclass Agnatha Most primitive vertebrates. Marin animals. Include: Lampreys, hagfishes.

49. hagfish Lampreys

50. Superclass Gnathostomata Contain 6 classes: Chondricthyes (cartilaginous fishes), Ostichthynotes (bony fishes), Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammals.