Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates

Table of Contents • Phylum Arthopoda • Subphylum Chelicerata • Subphylum Crustacea • Subphylum Uniramia • Phylum Echinodermata • Phylum Porifera • Phylum Cnidaria • Phylum Ctenophora • Phylum Platyhelminthes • Phylum Rotifera • Phylum Nematoda • Phylum Mollusca • Phylum Annelida *martin

Back Phylum Porifera (“Pore-bearer” - Sponges) Classes Major Characteristics • Asymmetrical • Spongin and spicules make up skeleton and lack tissue and organs • Osculum, an opening at the top of the sponge gathers food • Reproduce both sexually and asexually • Sessile • Diffusion of oxygen through cells • Marine • Two germ layers *Crew About the Phylum • Simplest invertebrates • Made up of sponges • Comes from the Latin word “Pore-bearer” *Johnson

Back Classes of Porifera Class Calcarea (Calcareous Sponges) These sponges live in marine shallow watered habitats. They are very small (usually only a few inches) but they are brightly colored. They are also very rough textured. Their spicules are composed of calcium carbonate. Some fossils of these can be found near the shore of tropical islands but some have been known to be found 4000 ft in the ocean. Class Demospongiae(Demosponges) These sponges can live in both fresh water and ocean water. They bore themselves on rocks and mollusks. They are very small but this class also contains the majority of Sponges. They are a soft yellow color and usually spend there lives in tunnels or shallow waters. *Remsem Class Hexactinellida(Glass Sponges) These sponges live in the deep sea and are cup-like and are a pale color. These sponges supply a home for many varieties of shrimp. They are characterized by their siliceous spicules. These are the only sponges that do not have the ability to contract. However, they have electrical impulses that allow them to react quickly to external stimuli. They live anywhere between 200 and 1000 m in the Antarctic. Houseman* *Madl

Back Phylum Cnidaria (“Stinging cells” - Jellyfish, Corals, etc.) Economic Importance Classes Major Characteristics They do not impact the economy directly but they do impact fishing industries. Therefore they impact humans in a negative way. • Radially symmetrical • Two cell layers • Cnidocytes for capturing prey • Reproduce sexually and asexually • Can be polyps or medusas • Live in oceans or freshwater • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum *Radar • Cells are organized into tissues • Have few simple organs • Aquatic invertebrates *Aquascope

Back Classes of Cnidaria Class Anthozoa (Anenomies, Corals, etc) Also known as “flower animals”. They live only as polyps but are brightly colored. They shelter many different kinds of animals. Class Hydrozoa (Portuguese Man Of War, Obelia, etc) Hydrozoas can live as polyps, medusa, or mixed colonies. Some are hermaphrodites and some just have separate genders. They also produce both sexually and asexually. Lab* *Crawford Class Cubozoa (Box Jellies) Known as “Sea Wasps”. They can be found only in Australia and other tropical places and are known for their venom. They are named for their cube-shaped Medusa. Class Scyphozoa (Jellyfish) Jellyfish are the main invertebrates of this class. They spend most of their time as medusas and are known as “cup animals”. *Nilsson *Kay

Back Phylum Ctenophora (“Comb Holder” - Nonstinging Jellies) Economic Importance Pictures Major Characteristics Species in this phylum affect humans in many ways. First of all, they greatly control the plankton population underwater. They also make beautiful sights for people to look at when they go diving or snorkeling. Finally, they represent an important step in pelagic organic matter transformations. • Radially Symmetrical • Apical Organ • Colloblasts • Hermaphrodite, asexually, and sexually • Medusa • Marine • Live in a protective shell until they hatch • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum • More complex than sponges • Live in the Ocean • Includes 100 species *Messmore *Anderson

Back Pictures of Ctenophora *Taylor *Schories *Schories

Back Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Economic Importance Classes Major Characteristics Species in this Phylum have very little economic importance to humans. They can in fact make people sick and die, other than that they’re pretty pointless to us, how sad. • Bilateral Symmetry • Excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems • Live off hosts • Asexual, hermaphrodites • Free living • Inside of a host • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum • More complex than previous phylums • Simplest animals with bilateral symmetry • Has three classes *PLP

Back Classes of Platyhelminthes Class Trematoda/Monogenea (Flukes) The species in these class are parasitic flukes. They are similar to the species in Class Turbellaria in the way they look but are different in the since that instead of living in waters they live inside of a hosts body. Class Cestoidea (Tapeworms) The species in this class are tapeworms. Tapeworms are sucky things to get in your body because they live in your intestines and feed off of you. They are also very ribbon-like in structure and have little suckers. Class Turbellaria (Free Living Worms) Most species in this class are dwellers in marine and freshwaters. They live on rocks, sand, and vegetation. They have a thick mucus that covers their entire body and protects them from harm. UoA* Gills* *UoA

Back Phylum Rotifera (Spiny-headed Worms) Economic Importance Pictures Major Characteristics There really isn’t one, they pretty much just exist. • Bilateral symmetry • Sensory organs and nerve cells • Eats through a single opening • sexually • Free living • Lives inside of a host • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum • Contain a fluid-filled space • Has a space that holds internal organs • Also serves as a protective storage area *Random Sorenson*

Back Pictures of Rotifera *Tsukii *Storenson *Tsukii *ELI

Back Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) Economic Importance Pictures Major Characteristics Once again, there really isn’t one, they pretty much just exist. They also make you sick. • Bilateral Symmetry • Excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems • Live off hosts • Asexual, hermaphrodites • Free living • Inside of a host • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum • Contain a fluid-filled space • Has a space that holds internal organs • Also serves as a protective storage area *Tsukii

Back Pictures of Nematoda *BSC *Apoc *??? *CSIRO

Back Phylum Mollusca (“Soft-bodied” - Mollusks) Economic Importance Classes Major Characteristics • Oysters and Blue Muscles have an economic importance because they’re good to eat. Also the Zebra Muscle can be a pest. • Bilateral System • Nervous, Circulatory systems • Filter feeding, and fast moving predators • Sexually • Some swim, some are sessile, and some crawl on ocean floors • Oceans • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum • Latin name meaning “Soft” • Have soft bodies and hard shells *Filer

Back Classes of Mollusca Class Cephalopoda (Octopus) This class includes octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes. They are marine animals that specialize in free swimming and predatory existence. They have tentacles with powerful suction cups that allow them to grasp objects and capture prey. Class Gastropoda (Snails) The largest and most diverse class of mollusks. This class includes snails, abalones, and conches. These have shells but some animals in this class do not have shells including slugs. *Dafni Class Bivalvia (Muscles) This class includes all aquatic mollusks like clams, oysters, and scallops. They contain a powerful adductor muscle that attaches to valves. This muscle opens and closes the organisms protective shell so it can eat. Conquiliobiologistas* Wikipedia*

Back Phylum Annelida (“Little ring” - Earthworms, etc.) Economic Importance Classes Major Characteristics Leeches are used in medical labs to help suck bad blood out of people. So they are medically important. • Bilaterally symmetrical • Circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems • In jest soil as they burrow into it • Sexually • Locomotion by tails • Dirt • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues About the Phylum • Term means “Little Rings” • Means many body segments • Consists of 15,000 different species *Anderson

Back Classes of Annelida Class Polychaeta (Bristle Worm) They have antennae and specialized mouthparts, they are free-swimming predators with strong jaws. They live in the dirt on ocean floors. *Gills Class Hirudinea (Leeches) This is the smallest class of Annelids and it contains leeches. They can be found in muddy waters and they attach to you and suck your blood. They have no parapodia or setae *Bakken Class Oligochaeta (Earthworm) These creatures live in the soil and have a few setae on each segment. They lead a burrowing life. They are also good for fishing! *Fankboner *Fauna

Back Phylum Arthropoda (“Jointed foot” - Crabs, spiders, insects, etc.) Economic Importance • Chilicerata • Crustacea • Uniramia Insects are important to the economy because they eat crops, spread diseases, and destroy clothing. So they’re pretty much some bad little creatures! Major Characteristics About the Phylum • Bilateral symmetry • A lot of organs like humans such as a gizzard, circulatory system, and nervous system, etc. • Use of setae and parapodia • Sexually • Free living • Marine • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues and primitive tracheal structures • ¾ of all animals belong to this phylum • Can adapt to almost ever environment • Means “Jointed Foot”

Back to Phylum Back to Menu Subphylum Chelicerata (Mites, Scorpions, Sea Spiders, etc.) Classes *Haaramo About the Subphylum • They have compound eyes • They feed on algae and other things • Most are carnivorous • Most of the information for this subphylum is in the classes • Their legs bear claws • Some species are marine, some are land living, some are extinct • Bodies are divided into two main parts • Eyes are covered by a thick cornea *Neartica *Haaramo

Back Classes of Chelicerata Class Arachnida (spiders) Have about six pairs of jointed appendages, and pedipalps which help them hold food and chewing. They also have four pairs of walking legs. They mostly live on land. *Random Class Pycnogonida (sea spiders) This class contains the “weirdest” looking arthropods. Another name for it is “all legs” which is appropriate because they have small bodies with lots of long legs. They also feed on soft body invertebrates *Wegg Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crabs) This class actually contains two different types of marine life forms. One of which is now extinct and has been extinct for 200 to 500 million years. Now there are only 5 species that live in this class. *Yale

Back to Phylum Back to Menu Subphylum Crustacea (Lobsters, Crabs, Barnacles, etc.) Pictures *Museum About the Subphylum • Contains approximately 40,000 species. • Abundant in oceans, lakes, rivers, and a few species are found on legs • Some are sessile and some move by walking on legs, swimming, or drifting through currents • They have two pairs of appendages. One on their head served as a feeler. *Museum • The embryo is a free swimming larva called a nauplius. • Some species of this subphylum are very important plankton • Water fleas and barnacles are also in this subphylum • Some exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen through their skeleton some respire with gills *Museum *Museum

Back Pictures of Crustacea *Corporation *Museum *Janetzky

Back to Phylum Back to Menu Subphylum Uniramia (Centipedes, insects, etc.) Classes *Random3 *Random3 About the Subphylum • Classes of this subphylum are usually called myriapods. • Includes insects, millipedes, centipedes, and their relatives • Their legs only have one branch • Subphylum only includes “true” arthropods • Make up the most common and diverse classes of arthropods. • They have exoskeletons and jointed appendages • Their heads include antennas and mandibles • They also have two pairs of maxillae • Their sexes are separate but reproduction varies *Random2

Back Classes of Uniramia Class Chilopoda (centipedes) They can have anywhere between 15 and 175 pairs of legs. They live in tropical regions. They are quick moving and search for prey like earthworms and other insects. *Fankboner Class Diplopoda (millipedes) Move slowly through humus and soil, have two pairs of legs on each body segment except the last two. Have poor vision and a good sense of smell. When threatened they coil up. *Mitchell Class Insecta (insects) They are moist, live in many different regions. Composed of entirely of insects with over 29 different orders. They are the most successful life forms on the planet with their ability to adapt to almost anything, anywhere. • Orders • 1 • 2 • 3 *Museum2

Back Orders of Class Insecta Order Thysanura (Firebrats) Contains over 2400 different species, They have chewing mouth parts. They feed on paste in wallpaper and starch in book bindings and labels. Order Ephemeroptera (Mayflies) Contains 1,500 species. They have membranous wings, and nonfunctioning mouthparts as adults. *BMW *Ojibway Order Odonata (Dragonflies) Contains 20,000 species. They destroy harmful insects, and serve as food for a lot of freshwater fish. *Mitchell Order Isoptera (Termites) Contains 2000 species, at times they have two pairs of membranous wings, and chewing mouthparts. Order Orthopera (Crickets) Contains 30,000 species. They have two pairs of straight wings and chewing mouthparts. They damage crops, garden plants, and stored foods *PCA *Ento

Back Orders of Class Insecta Order Anoplura (Lice) Over 2400 species, they have an incomplete metamorphosis. They are wingless with piercing, sucking mouthparts. They transmit diseases. Order Dermaptera (Earwigs) Contains 1000 different species. They have an incomplete metamorphosis. They also have two pairs of wings, biting mouthparts, and pincer like appendages. *Iowa *TatorTots Order Neuroptera (dobsonfly) Contains 4,600 species. They destroy harmful insects. Larvae serve as food for freshwater fish. *West *Virginia Order Hemiptera (True Bugs) Contains 2,000 species. They have two pairs of wings during part of their life and damage crops and garden plants. *WTB Order Homoptera (aphids) Contains 20,000 species and some species are wingless. They have membranous wings held like roof over body.

Back Orders of Class Insecta Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies) They have a complete metamorphosis. They pollination flowers, larvae and pupae produce silk. *Mitchell Order Coleoptera (Weevils) Over 500,000 different species. Has forewings, membranous hind wings, and chewing mouthparts. Order Diptera (Gnats) Contains 80,000 species. Has a complete metamorphosis. Carry diseases and act as decomposers Also, they destroy crops. *North Order Hymenoptera (Bees) Contains 90,000 species. Has biting, sucking, or lapping mouthparts. Many have constriction between thorax and abdomen. Some species are social like bees. Pollinates flowers and makes honey. They also destroy harmful insects. *Cunningham Order Siphonaptera (Fleas) Contains 1,200 species. Wingless and has sucking mouthparts as an adult, when a larvae it has chewing mouthparts. Parasitize birds and mammals and carry diseases. *BBK LogUK*

Back Phylum Echinodermata (“Spiny skin” - Sea Stars, Sea Urchins, Etc.) Classes About the Phylum Major Characteristics • Contains invertebrates from shallow coastal waters to ocean trenches more than 10,000 ft deep • Often brilliantly colored • Vary in diameter from 1cm to 1m • Radially Symmetrical • Water-vascular system (tube feet) • Take in food & internally digest it • Sexually • Sessile • Marine • Develop from bilaterally symmetrical larvae • Diffusion of oxygen through tissues Economic Importance Sea Stars are important because they eat oysters, and other things that humans use for food. *Cincotta

Back Classes of Echinodermata Class Holothuroidea (Sea Cucumbers) Most of the organisms in this class are armless and have ossicles that make up their skeleton. They are found in the ocean and use tentacles to eat and clean itself. Class Crinoidea (Sea Lilies, Feather Stars) These organisms are “lily-like”. They are sessile as adults, living on rocks or the bottom of the sea as long stalks. They use cilia to eat. Class Echinoidea (Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars) These organisms are “spine like”. They live on sea bottoms and are well adapted to it. Sea Dollars also live on the sea coasts. *UCMP *Jonnson Class Ophiuroidia (Basket Stars, Brittle Stars) Over 2000 species of basket and brittle stars make up this class. They mostly live on the ocean floor and rake food in their mouth to eat. Class Asteroidea (Sea Stars) Sea Stars live in the coastal waters and are many different beautiful colors. *HCCMS Zubi* *TSJIG

Kingdom Animalia