Analyze documents about the “COLD WAR”. Describe examples of policies

1. * 989-93 • Analyze documents about • the “COLD WAR”. • Describe examples of policies • used to fight the Cold War.

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3. Read and group the documents to answer the question: “How did the Cold War begin and what “weapons” were used to fight this war?” Economic policies designed to demonstrate the success of capitalism. Military alliance to defend nations against Communist countries. Threat of nuclear war to Deter the spread of Communism 1, 4, 5 6, 7, 8, 9 2, 3

4. The Division of Europe: 1945-1970 • Triumphant US and Soviet armies met on opposite sides of • the Elbe River in Germany on April 26, 1945 and Germany • surrendered on May 7, 1945 (V-E Day). • Soviets from the East • Americans from the West • HOWEVER, victory was flawed because the Allies could • not cooperate politically in the peacemaking process, so • after the war a natural division existed between East and • West by 1947.

5. Origins of the Early Cold War: 1945-1970 • Teheran Conference – 11/43 • - The “Big Three” (FDR, Churchill, • Stalin) agreed to divide Germany • along a north/south line… • Soviets from the east, US from • the west • Yalta Conference – 2/45 • - Agreed to divide Germany into • four zones of occupation for each • of the Allies. • - Stalin agreed to declare war on • Japan. • - Eastern European governments • were to be freely elected, BUT • pro-Russian… ??? Teheran Conference 11/43 Yalta Conference 2/45

6. Origins of the Early Cold War: 1945-1970 • Potsdam Conference–7/45 • - President Truman insisted on • free elections; Stalin refused • fearing free elections might • result in non-Communist pro- • Soviet governments in Eastern • Europe. • = Origin of the COLD WAR! Teheran Conference 11/43 The Cold War Yalta Conference 2/45 Potsdam Conference 7/45

7. The Ideological Struggle of the Cold War Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations[“Iron Curtain”] United Sates & the Western Democracies GOAL “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.[George Kennan] GOAL spread world-wide Communism • METHODOLOGIES: • Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] • Arms Race [nuclear escalation] • Ideological Competition [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” • Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

8. Examples of the Cold War: • President Truman cut off aid to the U.S.S.R. in 5/1945 to try and pressure Stalin into agreement with the West. • U.S. announces it will not recognize any government established by force, 10/1945. • Winston Churchill makes his “Iron Curtain Speech” at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, 3/1946 warning about a division between Democratic Western Europe and Communist Eastern Europe.

9. From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtainhas descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe.-- Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

10. Examples of the Cold War: • President Truman cut off aid to the U.S.S.R. in 5/1945 • U.S. announces it will not recognize any government established by force, 10/1945 • Winston Churchill makes “Iron Curtain Speech”, 3/1946 • American politicians begin to denounce Communism (Nixon, McCarthy, Hiss and Rosenberg Spy Trials). • Communist parties in France and Italy try to uncover “American Plots” to take over Europe in an effort to dis- credit US support for those Western nations. • Truman Doctrine 3/1947 • US gave $400 million in aid to support the Republican govern-ments of Greece and Turkey to help them repel Communist attacks to overthrow their governments and “CONTAIN” Communism. • Becomes the basis of U.S. policy of “Containment”.

11. Examples of the Cold War: • Truman Doctrine 3/1947 • Marshall Plan 6/1947 • U.S. offered $13.5 billion in economic aid to Europe, most accepted, but not Stalin or the Eastern Bloc Communist nations controlled by the Soviet Union.

12. Examples: • Soviet Union installs a Soviet style, single-party, Communist government in Czechoslovakia (No elections here!!) • The Berlin Blockade 1948 • Stalin blocks all traffic through the Soviet zone of Germany to Berlin hoping to force Allies to give up their zone. • Berlin Airlift (Truman called it “Operation Vittles”)

13. Berlin Blockade & Airlift (1948-49)

14. Examples: • The Berlin Blockade 1948 • Stalin blocks all traffic through the Soviet zone of Germany to Berlin hoping to force Allies to give up their zone. • Berlin Airlift (Truman called it “Operation Vittles”) • Western governments form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 as a military alliance to stand against Soviet backed Communist aggression.

15. Examples: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) • United States • Belgium • Britain • Canada • Denmark • France • Iceland • Italy • Luxemburg • Netherlands • Norway • Portugal • 1952: Greece & Turkey • 1955: West Germany • 1983: Spain

16. Examples: Warsaw Pact (1955) • U. S. S. R. • Albania • Bulgaria • Czechoslovakia • East Germany • Hungary • Poland • Rumania

17. Examples: • The Berlin Blockade 1948 • Stalin blocks all traffic through the Soviet zone of Germany to Berlin hoping to force Allies to give up their zone. • Berlin Airlift (Truman called it “Operation Vittles”) • Western governments form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949 • Soviet Union creates the Warsaw Pact in 1955.

18. Examples: • Communist victory in Chinese Civil War meant Mao and the communists ousted the Nationalist government under Chiang Kai-shek and took over China in 1949 • Korean War in 1950 deepened Americans’ fear of a communist conspiracy to dominate the world; China supported Kim Il Sung (NK) and the United Nations supported Syngman Rhee (SK).