A Basic Celtic Timeline

1. A Basic Celtic Timeline Pelagius Ninian Patrick Brigid Finnian Brendan D.circa 461 D circa 549 D.circa 432 D.circa 500 D.circa 687 D.circa 350 D circa 577 D.circa 680 David Columba Augustine Columbanus Fursey Aidan D.circa 589 D. 597 D.circa 601 D. 615 D.634 D. 651 Hilda Caedmon Cuthbert Bede D. 680 b. 673

2. A Celtic Chronology BCE (BC) 325 Athanasius reports that British church accepts decision of Nicaea c354 Birth of Pelagius c371 Martin elect Bishop of Tours, founds monastic community Emperor Maximus killed; Welsh wife Elen returns to Wales 394 Pelagius in Rome Death of Martin c400 Christian Community founded at Whithorn Sack of Rome by Vandals. Roman army leaves Britain Council of Carthage - Pelagius condemned c418 Birth of Patrick (perhaps in Dumbarton C425 Birth of Illtyd Sack of Carthage by vandals Death of Augustine of Hippo 431 Palladius sent as Bishop to the Christians in Ireland 435 Patrick in Ireland The Church in Rome accepts the Alexandrian computation of the date of Easter c450 Ninian at Whithorn / Candida Casa Birth of Brigid in Ireland c480 Birth of Benedict in Ireland c486 Birth of Samson in Britain c486 Birth of Brendan in Ireland c490 Britain attacked by Angles, Saxons, Jutes 500 BC Celts emerged as a distinct race from Central Europe c. 400 Celts plunder Rome 55/54 Julius Caesar reconnaissance of Britain CE (AD) c40 ?Joseph of Aramathea in Glastonbury 40/50 Paul converts the Galatians Romans invade Britain 60 Boudicca is military commander of Icenes - leads rebellion Romans start moving into Scotland Rebellions in the North - Hadrian’s Wall 178 Irenaeus leader of Christian community in Lyon c180 Roman villa near Gloucester with Christian monograms Tertullian writes of places in Britain that have yielded to Christ Conversion of Emperor Constantine; Edict of Milan Council of Arles - Bishop of London, York and ?Colchester present 315-373 Hilary, Bishop of Poitiers; first Celtic influential churchman

3. A Celtic Chronology Death of Patrick 498 Kings of Dalriada migrate to Kintyre Late 5th C Illtyd founds large monastic school at Llantwit Major 505 Death of Illtyd c516 Battle of Badon Hill Arthur defeats the AngloSaxons? 521 Samson becomes Bishop Birth of Comulba (Columcille) in Ireland Death of Brigid, Abbess of Kildare 530 - 560 Travels of Brendan the Voyager 533 Kentigern baptised folk at Calbeck well c537 ?Death of Arthur at Battle of Canlann 540 Gildas writes The Ruin of Britain c540 David becomes Bishop of Caerleon 543 Death of Petroc of Cornwall 543 Birth of Columbanus in Ireland 546 Columba’s first monastic settlement in Derry 547 Ida founds Anglian kingdom of Bernicia with capital at Bamburgh 557 Foundation of Monastery of Bangor by Comgall 560 Death of Samson c561 Foundation of Monastery of Clonfert by Brendan C562 Foundation of Monastery of Lismore by Moluag 565 Columba founds monastery on Iona c 573 Battle of Ardderyd (referred to in Welsh ballads) the Christian King of the Cumbri, Rhyderch of Strathclyde defeated Gwedolen, the pagan Scots king, and brought Kentigern back from Wales to head the church. (80,000 slain) 577 Death of Brendan 560 - 580 North Atlantic Travels of Cormac c589 Death of David 591 Columbanus begins continental mission 597 Death of Columba, June 9th Augustine arrives in Kent, sent by Pope Gregory the Great in mission to Angles 601 Further Roman mission, including Paulinus 603 Conference of British Bishops and Abbots with Augustine of Canterbury by 609 Death of Augustine 613 Columbanus founds monastery at Bobbio 614 Birth of Hilda 615 Death of Columanus 616 Edwin of Deira defeats Ethelfrith of Bernicia. Ethelfrith’s sons (including Oswald) flee to Argyll, educated on Iona. 617 Edwin established as king north of the Humber(Northumbria) Chase (Doncaster). Ethelburgh and Paulinus flee to Kent Osric becomes king of Deira; Eanfrith returns from Iona and becomes king of Bernicia. Both apostasize. In further fighting both are killed by Cadwallon. Death of Fursey 618 St Donan killed on Eigg by ?Vikings 624 Birth of Adomnan, Abbot of Iona, Columba’s biographer 625 Marriage of Edwin of Northumbria and Ethelburgh of Kent; Ethelburh brings Bishop Paulinus with her to Bamburgh

4. A Celtic Chronology 626 Eanfled, daughter of Edwin and Ethelburh, baptised, with twelve others. 627 Edwin converts and is baptised at York. Mass baptisms, including Hilda (now aged 13) Paulinus baptising at Yeavering 628 Birth of BenedictBiscop 630 Fursey of Ireland founds monastery in East Anglia 633 Cadwallon of Gwynned and Penda of Mercia attack and kill EEdwin at Battle of Hatfield 634 Oswald plants cross in the soil and defeats Cadwallon at Battle of Heavenfield. Becomes king of the united kingdoms of Deira and Bernicia. Birth of Wilfrid Birth of Cuthbert 635 Mission of Corman to Bernicia - Mission fails - Aidan consecrated Bishop on Iona and sent to Northumbria, bases his mission on Lindisfarne. Goes on to found monastery at Melrose and other northern sites; encourages Hilda to the religious life. 636 South of Ireland accepts Roman Order 642 Oswald killed by Penda at Oswestry Oswy (Oswald’s younger brother) becomes king of Bernicia. Oswin becomes King of Deira and close friend of Aidan 651 Oswin killed at instruction of Oswiu Aidan dies at Bamburgh (August 31st), buried at Lindisfarne. Finan becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne Cuthbert enters monastery at Melrose under Boisil as Prior 652 Wilfred and BenedictBiscop visit Rome 653 Cedd evangelizes the East Saxons and becomes their bishop. Builds stone church at Bradwell (Essex) 654 Cuthbert becomes guest-master at newly founded monastery at Ripon 655 Repentant Oswy unites Deira and Bernicia Penda killed. Mercia open to the Gospel 657 Wilfrid and king’s son Alcfrith move Cuthbert and his abbot Eata from Ripon - they return to Melrose. Wilfrid becomes Abbot of Ripon and introduces Benedictine rule. 659 Cedd builds monastery at Lastingham and becomes first Abbot 661 Colman bishop at Lindisfarne 662 Boisil dies of plague; Cuthbert becomes Prior of Melrose; engages in missionary journies. 664 Synod of Whitby chaired by King Oswy Colman resigns as Bishop of Lindisfarne and returns to Iona Cedd and his brother ynebil die of plague Chad becomes Bishop of York, based at Lastingham Cuthbert becomes Prior of Lindisfarne 666 Wilfrid consecrated Bishop in Gaul 668 Theodore of Tarsus becomes Archbishop of Canterbury c664-669 Cummene’s Life of Columba 669 Theodore ‘reconsecrates’ Chad and moves him to Lichfield Wilfrid becomes Bishop of York 670 Death of Oswy , succeeded by second son Ecgfrith 672 Chad dies of plague, March 2nd 673 Birth of Bede, monk historian of Jarrow

5. A Celtic Chronology 674 BenedictBiscop founds monastery at Wearmouth 676 Cuthbert becomes hermit on the island of Inner Farne 679 Adomnan becomes Abbot of Iona 680 Death of Hilda, November 17th Death of Caedmon, poet of Whitby 681 BenedictBiscop founds monastery at Jarrow 684 Cuthbert appointed Bishop ofLindisfarne, after persuasion by King Ecgfrith and is consecrated (March 26th 685) at York by Archbishop Theodore 685 Death of Ecgfrith in battle of Nechtansmere Aldfrith, scholar and artist, becomes King of Northumbria 686 Cuthbert returns to Inner Farne 687 Death of Cuthbert , March 20th 688 Eadbearht becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne c.692 Adomnan‘s Life of Columba written 697 Adomnan’sLaw of Innocents, safeguarding women and children from violence, confirmed at synod of Birr, Ireland. 698 Translation of Cuthbert’s body, found uncorrupted. Death of Bishop Eadbearht Eadfrith becomes Bishop of Lindisfarne 700 Life of Cuthbert written by an anonymous monk of Lindisfarne Writing of the Lindisfarne Gospels by Eadfrith Death of Adomnan on Iona 705 John becomes Bishop of York 709 Death of Bishop Wilfrid 716 Iona accepts the Roman Order, under influence of Bishop Ecgbert 717 Monks from Iona expelled from Pictland 721 Ethelwald (who bound the Lindisfarne Gospels) appointed Bishop of Lindisfarne Death of Bishop Ecgbert on Iona 731/2 The Ecclesiastical History of the English People completed by Bede 735 Death of Bede 755 Roman order accepted in Wales 793 First Viking raid on Lindisfarne - ‘Viking Age’ dated from this raid. 794 Viking raids across the Scottish islands 795 Iona sacked 802 Iona monastery burned to ground 806 Viking raid on Iona -68 monks killed at Martyrs’ Bay 807 Ionan Community moved to Kells 825 Blathmac martyred by Vikings on Iona 847-858 KennethmacAlpin, King of the Scots 875 Suggested date for the abandonment of Lindisfarne by Bishop Eardulf and the community. Cuthbert’s coffin and the Lindisfarne Gospels taken on 7 year journey, ending in Chester le Street Hebridean Norse migrate to Iceland 989 Viking raids in Wales; St David’s, Llanilltyd and Llancararn all burnt Viking presssure uproots Cuthbert’s People, who take his remains to Ripon, and then to Durham Church built in Durham to house Cuthbert’s relics

6. A Celtic Chronology 1066 Last Viking raid in England - William of Normandy (2nd generation Viking) takes the English crown 1069 Ethelwine, last of the Saxon Bishops, takes Cuthbert’s relics back to Lindisfarne, to escape King William. Returned them to Durham in 1070 1093 Durham Cathedral and Lindisfarne Priory founded Cuthbert’s relics investigated and found uncorrupted in 1104 and 1537. Last opening of coffin in 1827; body decayed. 1537 Lindisfarne Priory dissolved by Henry VIII