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The History of GIS

The History of GIS. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT. Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s). Research Frontier. Individual-led developments Limited international collaboration Lack of data in machine-readable form Lack of computing resources. 1968. 1958. Roger Tomlinson The “father” of GIS.

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The History of GIS

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  1. The History of GIS

  2. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT • Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s)

  3. Research Frontier • Individual-led developments • Limited international collaboration • Lack of data in machine-readable form • Lack of computing resources 1968 1958 Roger TomlinsonThe “father” of GIS

  4. Research Frontier • Jack Dangermond • Founded ESRI in 1969 Environmental Systems Research Institute

  5. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT • Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s) • Experimentation and Practice (Early 70’s to Early 80’s)

  6. Experimentation and Practice • National agencies drive development • Government-funded research • Formal scientific experiments • Role of the individual diminished 1970 1972 Landsat SPOT - 1986

  7. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT • Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s) • Experimentation and Practice (Early 70’s to Early 80’s) • Commercial Phase (The 80’s)

  8. Commercial Phase • Corporate software development • Isolated systems and datasets

  9. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT • Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s) • Experimentation and Practice (Early 70’s to Early 80’s) • Commercial Phase (The 80’s) • User Dominance (The 90’s)

  10. User Dominance • Strong competition among vendors • Distributed databases • Network Accessibility

  11. FIVE PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT • Research Frontier (Late 50’s to Mid 70’s) • Experimentation and Practice (Early 70’s to Early 80’s) • Commercial Phase (The 80’s) • User Dominance (The 90’s) • Web-Based Internet GIS and GIScience (The 00’s)

  12. Web-Based Internet GIS & GIScience • Fully-distributed architecture • Focus on interoperability • Mobile GIS • Research on best practices for GIS • VGI – Volunteer Geographic Information • Ex: Wikimapia

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