语法讲义之虚拟语气 Subjective mood

语法讲义之 虚拟语气 Subjective mood 彭文国

If I were you, I’d take them away. 　　如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。 If I had met Li Hua, I could had told him. 　　如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉了他了。 If I had time. I could come to help you. 　　如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。 He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups. 　　他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。 He speaks to us as if he had been there. 　　他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿

虚拟语气在条件状语从句中：

If I were you, I would study harder. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met her. If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.

If you had worked harder, you would have passed the exam. If I were in school again, I would wok harder. Were I in school again, I would work harder. If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.

Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. Without air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. If it were not for the expense, I would go to Italy.

2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1.用在wish 后面 I hope it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived here two hours earlier.

2.在arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等动词后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用should +动词原形 We suggest that we should have a meeting. We insisted that they should go with us.

3.虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句 名词advice, idea, order,demand, plan, proposal,suggestion, request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是should +动词原形 We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for our summer vocation. My idea is that we should to to Beijing for our summer vocation.

4.在主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓语动词用should +动词原形。 It is necessary that we should clean the room every day.(important, natural, strange, right etc. ) It is a pity that you should be so careless. (shame, no wonder, etc.) It is requested that Miss Liu should give a performance at the party.(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed,etc)

注：此种从句若表示惊奇的情感则用虚拟语气，否则也可以用陈述语气。 It is a pity that you didn’t come.

5.虚拟语气用于定语从句 It is (high) time that … It is time that we left school. It is time that we should leave school.(should不可以省略)

6.虚拟语气在其他句子中的运用 He looked after the orphan as if he were her own child. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. Even if he were to come here, he could not solve the problem. I would rather he painted it blue. I would rather you had gone there.

If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice. He suggested that we ________ it at once.(do) His face suggested that he _______ angry.(be) We insisted that the meeting ______ off.( put) Mike insisted that he __________ anything.(steal)

rained/should rain/were to rain 1.If it ___________________________(rain) tomorrow,we ________________(not go out). 2.______(be) I in good health, I __________ (go) with you tomorrow. should not go out would go Were

II.在宾语从句中 • He is not a pilot, but he wishes he______ (be). • I wish I ___________(meet)him yesterday. • I wish it __________(be) fine tomorrow. • He ordered the work _________________ (start) at once. 5. I’d rather you _________(stay) at home all day today. were had met would be (should ) be started stayed

III.在主语从句中 1. It is strange that he _____________(make) such a mistake. That’s unexpected. (necessary,important,impossible,natural, surprising,a pity etc.) 2. It was required that each student ________ (bring) enough food on the trip. (ordered,suggested,demanded,desired, etc.) (should) make bring

IV.在表语从句或方式状从中 1. My demand is that you _______________ (get up)at six. 2. He speaks as if he ________(be) an Englishman. 3. They talked as if they _____________(be) good friends for years. (should) get up were had been

V.在同位语从句中 Presently he made the suggestion that they ________________(carry on)their conver- sation in French. (should) carry on

VI.在其他句型中 • Even if he _______(be) here, he couldn’t solve the problem. • Without air, there __________(be) no living things. • But for your help, I __________________ (not, do) it. • If only I ____________(take) his advice, but I didn’t. were would be couldn’t have done had taken

5. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I _________________(come) to the meeting. 6. Look at the clock! It’s(high) time we _______________(go) home. would have come went/should go

VII.复杂句型或惯用结构中 wouldn’t be 1.If she hadn’t trained so hard, she _________ (not,be) able to run so fast today. 2.They ____________(want) to help but couldn’t get here in time. 3.I _______________(be going to)travel by train but then we decided to go by air. had wanted was going to

4.英译汉： 1）I intend to have written a letter of thanks to him, but I didn’t know his address. 2) The plane was to have taken off at eight this morning,but a heavy rain poured down. 我本打算写封信给他，但不知道他的地址。飞机本要今早八点起飞，但下起了一场倾盆大雨。

3)I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.(97’NMET) 4)She’d rather have stayed at home than went to see the dull film. 昨晚我本想去参加聚会来的，可我得额外加几个小时的班赶完一篇报告。她真该呆在家里而不去看那部乏味的电影的。

语法讲义之虚拟语气 Subjective mood