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American Involvement in Vietnam (19.1)

American Involvement in Vietnam (19.1). 2f.: Investigate causes & effects of significant events in United States history. 2g.: Analyze the complexity of events in United States history. 3c.: Evaluate the historical development and impact of political thought, theory & actions.

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American Involvement in Vietnam (19.1)

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  1. American Involvement in Vietnam (19.1) 2f.: Investigate causes & effects of significant events in United States history. 2g.: Analyze the complexity of events in United States history. 3c.: Evaluate the historical development and impact of political thought, theory & actions. 3d.: Analyze the origins of fundamental political debates and how conflict, compromise, and cooperation have shaped national unity & diversity.

  2. Vietnamese Nationalism • ‘Nam had always been ruled by foreign powers (e.g. China & France) • early 1900s: rise of Vietnamese Nationalism • goal: independence

  3. Ho Chi Minh • educated in W. Europe • 1917: Tried to get USA support for Vietnamese independence but was denied • Supported Communism after visit to USSR

  4. Ho Chi Minh (cont.) • 1930: returned to Vietnam & formed communist party • Goal: Overthrow French rule & est. ind. Communist state

  5. WWII • 1941: w/ defeat of France, Japan invades & occupies Vietnam • Ho Chi Minh now determined to fight Japanese • Vietminh: nationalist group created to fight Japanese (i.e. insurgency)

  6. WWII (cont.) • 1942: U.S. (FDR) sends military aid to Vietminh to fight Japanese • Significance: 1st U.S. involvement in ‘Nam

  7. Status Check #1 • What was the name of the nationalist group created to fight the Japanese & French? • A. Vietcong • B. Vietminh • C. Contras • D. Mushahadeen

  8. U.S. Position • U.S. torn: help France or help Minh/Vietminh? • U.S. opposed French colonialism, but… • ‘Nam independence tied w/ Communism

  9. U.S. Decision: Help France • Reasons: • 1) China became communist (1949) • Result: Communism now in Asia

  10. U.S. Decision: Help France (cont.) • 2) Korean War • convinced Truman that USSR & China trying to further spread of communism in E/SE Asia • result: Truman sends military aid to French in ‘Nam

  11. U.S. Decision: Help France (cont.) • 3) Domino Theory • Idea that if ‘Nam fell to communism, so too would other nations in SE Asia (1 fall, they all fall) • Result: U.S. sends military aid to French forces in Vietnam

  12. Status Check #2 • This stated that if Vietnam fell to communism, so too would other nations in SE Asia. A. Containment B. Domino Theory C. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution D. Geneva Accords

  13. Status Check #3 • What two events convinced Truman to help France in Vietnam? A. The fall of China to communism and the outbreak of the Korean War. B. Japan’s surrender in WWII and the fall of China to communism C. The establishment of a Communist government in Vietnam and the Korean War. D. The establishment of a Communist government in Vietnam and the fall of China to communism

  14. Even w/ U.S. aid, Vietminh beat French- How? • 1) Used guerrilla tactics (e.g. hit & run, ambush, etc.) • 2) French couldn’t determine civilian vs. military (i.e. friend vs. foe) • 3) length of war + increasing # of casualties made war unpopular in France

  15. Battle of Dien Bien Phu • Mtn. town occupied by French in order to cut supplies to Vietminh & force conventional-style battle

  16. Battle of Dien Bien Phu (cont.) • Vietminh seized hills around town & bombarded French from all sides • Result: Vietminh wins conventional battle & France surrenders

  17. Geneva Accords • divided French Indochina into 3 nations (i.e. Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam)

  18. Geneva Accords (cont.) • Divided Vietnam into two parts (17th parallel): • North: Communist (Ho Chi Minh) • South: Pro-Western/ Democratic (Diem) • Vietnam to be re-united w/ free elections in 1956

  19. Free elections didn’t happen-why? • Diem refused to hold elections (believed Ho Chi Minh would win & turn South Communist) • Result: N and S ‘Nam on brink of Civil War • Since U.S. supporter of Diem/South, increases military aid to South ‘Nam

  20. Status Check #4 • The turning-point battle in which the French were defeated causing their withdrawal from Vietnam was • A. Saratoga • B. Bataan • C. Dien Bien Phu • D. Tarawa

  21. Status Check #5 • What ultimately led the United States to becoming increasingly involved in the Civil War in Vietnam? • A. A belief that the policy of containment was being challenged via the Domino Theory • B. U.S. supported South Vietnam and its President Ngo Dinh Diem • C. The U.S. was afraid China would help North Vietnam attack South Vietnam (a repeat of Korea) • D. Both A and B

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