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Understanding Air Temperature Data: Factors, Measurements, and Geographic Influence

Explore the distribution of temperatures, daily and monthly averages, controls of temperature, and mechanisms like ocean currents and cloud cover. Learn about temperature measurement methods, heat index, and degree days as indicators of climatic conditions.

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Understanding Air Temperature Data: Factors, Measurements, and Geographic Influence

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  1. World Distribution of Temperatures

  2. Air Temperature Data: what data are recorded? Daily Mean Daily Range Monthly Mean Annual Mean Annual Range

  3. Controls of Temperature Latitude

  4. Sun Angles at Different Latitudes

  5. Geographic Position

  6. Coasts

  7. Temperature controlLand and Water • Continental climates • Land water heating • Mobility • Transparency • Evaporation • Specific heat

  8. Land & Water

  9. Ocean Currents

  10. 45 degrees N… halfway between equator and pole

  11. Inverewe Gardens.”..This colourful sub-tropical garden owned by the National Trust for Scotland is located further north than Moscow, but thanks to the North Atlantic Drift, all kinds of exotic plants grow here in 50 acres... Highly recommended.”http://www.scotland-inverness.co.uk/gardens.htm

  12. 57.5 degrees North (same latitude as Moscow and Hudson’s Bay… semi-tropical gardens on the coast of Scotland

  13. Altitude

  14. Cloud Cover

  15. Note the influence of clouds… which interrupts the latitudinal patterns

  16. Daily Variations in Air Temperature

  17. Temperature Measurement Thermometer

  18. Maximum & Minimum Thermometers

  19. Thermograph

  20. Temperature Scales

  21. Wind-Chill Factor

  22. Heat Index

  23. Normal Atmospheric Conditions…

  24. Temperature Inversion… warmer air slides over the cool air at the surface trapping the surface air beneath a very stable upper air mass

  25. Degree Days • Heating Degree Days • Growing Degree Days • Cooling Degree Days An index of temperature that can be used to assess climatic conditions.

  26. Growing Degree DayBase temperatures (TBase) • 40F - wheat, barley, rye, oats, flaxseed, lettuce, asparagus • 45F - sunflower, potato • 50F - sweet corn, corn, sorghum, rice, soybeans, tomato • 44F - corn rootworm • 48F - alfalfa weevil • 50F - black cutworm, European corn borer

  27. Calculating GDD • first find the mean temperature for the day. (This is usually done by taking the high and low temperature for the day, adding them together and dividing by two.) • If the mean temperature is above Tbase, then the growing degree day amount equals the mean temperature minus Tbase • For example, if the mean temperature was 75F then the growing degree day amount equals 25, using a Tbase = 50F • http://www.sws.uiuc.edu/atmos/statecli/FAQ/degree_days.htm

  28. An Example of GDD requirements: • Field Corn Hybrid Maturity Classification. • Maturity Days GDD • Early-season 85-100 2100-2400 • Mid-season 101-130 2400-2800 • Full-season 131-145 2900-3200 • http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/NCH/NCH-40.html

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