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Dictators Threaten World Peace

Dictators Threaten World Peace. Chapter 16 Section 1 Pages 528-535. Essential Questions:. What types of governments came to power in Russia, Italy,Germany and Japan after WWI? What were the examples of Axis aggression in Europe and Asia?

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Dictators Threaten World Peace

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  1. Dictators Threaten World Peace Chapter 16 Section 1 Pages 528-535

  2. Essential Questions: • What types of governments came to power in Russia, Italy,Germanyand Japan after WWI? • What were the examples of Axis aggression in Europe and Asia? • What was the plight of Jews in Hitler’s Third Reich? • How did the United States respond to the outbreak of war in 1939? • What brought the United States into WWII?

  3. Dictators Threaten World Peace • The Treaty of Versailles caused anger and resentment • Germany was blamed for WWI, stripped of its’ colonies and forced to pay reparations • The USSR resented the carving up of parts of Russia (Ex. Poland, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania

  4. Stalin Transforms the USSR • Joseph Stalin “Man of Steel” took over after Lenin’s death in 1924 • He wanted to create a perfect Communist state • He pushed for industrial and agricultural growth • With his 5 year plans the USSR became the world’s second largest industrial power • Stalin purged or killed 8-13 million people who threatened his power • By 1939 Stalin had established complete control and created a totalitarian state

  5. Fascism • Extreme Nationalism • Focus on or looking to the glory of the past, big public rallies or events • Glorification of war, strong armies, etc. • Forceful or Charismatic leaders • Militaristic Expansionism • Interest of the state put ahead of the individual • Glorification of the leader • Anticommunist

  6. Benito Mussolini • Disgruntled Italian WWI Veteran, Powerful Speaker • Played on fears of economic collapse and communism • Oct. 1922 he marched on Rome with his “black shirts” • The Italian King gave in and Mussolini was called “IL Duce” or the leader • He crushed all opposition and made Italy a totalitarian state

  7. Adolf Hitler • Born in Austria in 1889 • Went to Vienna to pursue an art career • Served in WWI, was wounded and gassed • In 1919 he joined the National Socialist German Workers Party ( Nazis) • Nazism – German brand of fascism, extreme nationalism • Organized an unsuccessful “Putsch” in 1923 • While in prison wrote Mein Kampfor “My Struggle” • Unite all German-speaking people in one empire • Enforcement of racial purification • National expansion or lebensraum (living space) • Called himself Der Fuhrer or “ the Leader”

  8. Nazis in Power • Great Depression, WWI reparations (war debt), and dependence on American financial support • 6 million unemployed bitter over the terms of the ToV • Many German men who were out of work joined Hitler’s private army, the Brown Shirts • By mid 1932, the Nazis had a majority in the Reichstag and in 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor • Hitler destroyed individual rights and free press • He promised to create a “Third Reich” which would last a thousand years

  9. Rome and Berlin Form the Axis • In 1935 Mussolini invaded Ethiopia • In 1936 Germany and Italy formed the Axis

  10. Japanese Militarists • In the 1930’s Nationalist Militarist were taking control of the Imperial Government of Japan led by Hideki Tojo

  11. Japan Attacks Manchuria • Japan needed iron, coal, and petroleum to support its emerging empire • In 1931 Japan attacked the Chinese providence of Manchuria for its mineral resources • By 1937 Japan controlled all of China’s coastal areas • The Unites States was warned that the Open-Door Policy of trading with China would end • The US warned Japan and cut exports of steel and oil to Japan, while sending aid to China • League of Nations condemns and Japan simply quits the League

  12. Failure of the League of Nations • 1933, Germany quits the League of Nations • 1935, German military begins to rebuild in violation of ToV • Military occupation of the Rhineland • No repercussions or consequences for Germany

  13. Italy & Ethiopia • 1935 Italy invades the African nation of Ethiopia • More empty threats by League • 1936 Ethiopia falls

  14. The Spanish Civil WarA Prelude of War to Come • In 1936 a group of army officers led by Francisco Franco rebelled against the Spanish republican government • About 3,000 Americans went to fight and stop fascism, “The Abraham Lincoln Battalion” • Hitler and Mussolini aided Franco, after 500,000 lives were lost Franco became another fascist, totalitarian dictator in 1939

  15. American Isolationism • Americans wanted to stay out of future conflicts • The Nye Committee showed how many profited due to WWI “Merchants of Death” • 1935 Neutrality Acts outlawed arm sales or loans to nations at war • FDR found a way to send arms to China • In 1937 FDR urged a “Quarantine” of aggressor nations

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