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PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds – how they are made

PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – the “sound system” of language – the sound systems of individual languages. PHONETICS

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PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds – how they are made

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  1. PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – the “sound system” of language – the sound systems of individual languages

  2. PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds Articulatory Phonetics – how they are made Auditory Phonetics – how they are heard Acoustic Phonetics – how they are transmitted

  3. PHONETICS Study of the physical properties of speech-sounds – how they are made – how they are heard – how they are transmitted PHONOLOGY Study of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – the “sound system” of language – the sound systems of individual languages

  4. PHONETICS Universal: the study of the sounds produced in human speech PHONOLOGY Local: the study of the sound system of one single language or variety of language

  5. The Talking White Male Head (Ladefoged p.2)

  6. Daniel Jones, 1918, An Outline of English Phonetics Frontispiece from the 9th edition, 1972

  7. CLOSE (HIGH) FRONT BACK OPEN (LOW)

  8. Phonetic symbols are shown in square brackets: [e] Phonological symbols are shown in slashes: /e/

  9. phonesphonemesallophones

  10. phonesphonemesallophones

  11. phonessounds of language

  12. Segments • How fine can you slice language? • sentence • phrase • word • syllable • letter ... ? Review the slide on Slicing Language in the first week ….

  13. Letters ? cat rat cat cot cat cap

  14. Letters ? cat rat cat cot cat cap

  15. Letters ? cat coat caught k V t code keyed k V d right write rite r V t

  16. Segments • How thin can you slice language? • sentence • phrase • word • syllable • letter ....... phone

  17. cat rat cat cot cat cap top stop lip milk code cold significant difference - different word non-significant different - change impossible

  18. cat rat cat cot cat cap top stop lip milk code cold significant meaning non-predictable non-significant structure predictable

  19. cat rat cat cot cat cap top stop lip milk code cold PHONEMES ALLOPHONES

  20. phones are either: • phonemes significant sound differences meaning-based choice • allophones non-significant sound differences fixed choice

  21. How can we tell whether a sound is a phoneme or an allophone? Minimal pairs cat rat cat cot cat cap kæt ræt kæt kot kæt kæp

  22. cat rat tight tide core score nose knows Korea career service surface kæt ræt tait taid kO(r) skO(r) n0uz n0uz k01ri0 k01ri0 k01ri0 k01rir Minimal pairs

  23. service surface show sew make maid ghost toast wail whale 1sEvis 1sEfis 1sErvis 1sErfis 1sEv0s 1sEf0s S0u s0u meik meid g0ust t0ust weil weil weil Weil Minimal pairs

  24. pressure measure fission vision 1preS0 1meG0 1fiS0n 1viG0n Minimal contexts

  25. top stop pie spy care scare top stop pai spai ke0 ske0 ker sker Allophones

  26. top stop pie spy care scare No free choice between p and pH. Complementary distribution tHop stop pHai spai kHe0 ske0 kHer sker Allophones Compementary angles:

  27. / / phoneme [ ] [] allophone

  28. phoneme allophone

  29. from http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/phonemes.html Usually, of course, the different ALLOPHONES of the same PHONEME are all similar to each other - they form a FAMILY of sounds. But we mustn't fall into the trap of thinking that ALLOPHONIC difference is small while PHONEMIC difference is large. There is actually no real difference between these differences! We can see this by the fact that the same difference can be allophonic in one language, and phonemic in another.

  30. seat sheet massive machine basic nation

  31. She is fine as morn in May, mild, divine and clever. Like a shining summer’s day she is mine for ever. Sr. Sigurður Norland í Hindisvík

  32. Mitsubishi Subaru

  33. phoneme allophone Subaru Mitsubishi

  34. this theatre

  35. think this thought þ ð þ

  36. þessi þýðing

  37. þessi þýðing

  38. The lateral - l lip yellow mill miller milk people

  39. l http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html l

  40. phoneme allophone

  41. The phoneme /l/ is light before a vowel, otherwise dark

  42. The lateral - l lip yellow mill miller milk people

  43. trouble follows the blameless milkman like a wealthy lawyer trÆbl fol0uz ð0 bleimlis milkm0n laik 0 welþ^ lOj0

  44. lay play splay clay exclaim

  45. (from week 6):

  46. Does it follow k or p in a stressed syllable? Is it followed by a vowel? mill milk lay yellow clay play

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