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CHAPTER 10 The Muslim World

CHAPTER 10 The Muslim World. BEDOUINS. Their way of life set the foundation for the Islamic way of life. Mecca. Original homeland of Muhammed ; in present-day Saudi Arabia. The most holy city for Islam . Muslims faced the city for prayer. The Prophet Muhammed. Born in Mecca

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CHAPTER 10 The Muslim World

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  1. CHAPTER 10The Muslim World

  2. BEDOUINS • Their way of life set the foundation for the Islamic way of life.

  3. Mecca • Original homeland of Muhammed; in present-day Saudi Arabia. • The most holy city for Islam. Muslims faced the city for prayer.

  4. The Prophet Muhammed • Born in Mecca • Founder of Islam

  5. History of Islam • Followers are called Muslims who worshipAllah. • Qur’an is Islam’s holy book. • Mosque is Islam’s house of worship.

  6. Practice & Beliefs Shari’a–Includes Qur’an & Sunna to regulate Islamic way of life

  7. CH10.L2 Islam Expands • “Rightly Guided” Caliphs • Abu-Bakr • Umar • Uthman • Ali • They based their leadership on the Qur’an & Muhammed’s actions.

  8. Treatment of Conquered Peoples • The Qur’an forbids forced conversion. • Muslims allowed these people to follow their religion, but restrictions & taxes were imposed. • Example of restriction: The conquered people were not allowed to spread their religion.

  9. Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis • What led to it? • Muhammed did not name a successor or indicate how to elect one. • Umayyads replaced the last of the “rightly guided” caliphs. • Changed the Muslim capital to Damascus. • Lived luxuriously Umayyad mint

  10. Muslims continue to divide Sunni Shi’a Believe only a relative of Muhammed can be a caliph. • As long as they live by Sunna, any Muslim is qualified to be a caliph. Abbassids Sufi • Strongest of the group – overthrew Umayyads. • Moved the Muslim empire’s capital to Baghdad, Iraq. • Developed a bureaucracy to control the large Muslim empire. • Lived a life of poverty and spirituality. Fatimid • Fell under Shi’a • Claimed descent from Muhammed’s daughter Fatima

  11. Muslim Trade Network • Reasons for its success • Size and location helped them trade with the rest of the world. • Muslims invented the sakk (check). • Arabic language was spoken through the empire. • Abbasid dinar (currency) was accepted throughout the empire.

  12. CH10.L3: Muslim Culture Social Classes • Upper class: Muslims at Birth • Second class: Converts to Islam • Third class: “Protected People” • Lowest class: Slaves • Roles of Women

  13. Muslim Knowledge • “Acquire knowledge. It enableth its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lighteth the way to Heaven; it is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our companion when friendless; it guideth us to happiness; it sustaineth us in misery; it is an ornament amongst friends, and an armour against enemies.”

  14. House of Wisdom

  15. Art and Architecture

  16. Medicine, Mathematics, & Science • Medicine • Al-Razi • Mathematics • Basis of all knowledge • Al-jabr • Science • Astronomy • Optics

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