Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

1. Copy this chart onto notebook page 17. (You may want to turn your notebook sideways) Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

2. Lesson 6.1a: Tighter British Control Today we will describe the debate over taxes and troops in the colonies.

3. Vocabulary • describe – give details about • revenue – income for the government, often through taxes • levy – establish and collect a tax • frontier – the edge of the wilderness • quartering – giving or receiving shelter and aid

4. Check for Understanding • What are going to do today? • What does it mean to describe? • How does the government get its revenue? • Where did you quarter last night? • Who is quartering you tonight? • What is something that would NOT be found on the frontier?

5. What We Already Know Under the Magna Carta of 1215, British subjects could not be taxed without the consent of their elected representatives in Parliament.

6. What We Already Know Between 1754 and 1763, Britain fought France in the French and Indian War, and under the Treaty of Paris, gained control of all the land in North America east of the Mississippi.

7. What We Already Know When British settlers began moving across the mountains onto Native American land after the war, Indians began attacking settlers and British soldiers were called in to defend the colonists.

8. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart • Before the French and Indian War, self-government in the American colonies grew. • Salutary neglect – Parliament left the colonies alone

9. A tell B • What was the period of salutary neglect? • Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

10. The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart • The costs of the war with France and of defending the frontier settlers threatened to ruin Britain unless changes were made. • In 1763, Parliament began to reassert its authority over the colonies starting with the Proclamation of 1763.

11. The Proclamation of 1763 • Angry that the colonists did not want to pay for their own defense, the British government passed the Proclama–tion of 1763. • This law banned new settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains. • The Proclamation was intended to prevent Native American uprisings against the colonists.

12. The Proclamation of 1763 • The act caused tensions to grow between Parliament and the American colonists. • The colonists were proud to have fought along–side the British army against the French and their Indian allies. • But they also felt they had won the right to settle the Ohio River Valley because they helped defeat the French.

13. The Proclamation of 1763 • The act angered many colonists, who decided to ignore it and to settle the area anyway. • Resentment began to divide the colonies and Britain.

14. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

15. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

16. Fill out the next two boxes on your chart, then answer the following question on your whiteboard: How did the colonists react to the Proclamation of 1763?

17. 1. Why did the British government need revenue from the colonies after 1763? • To pay for the French and Indian War • To buy gifts for the Indians • To keep troops in North America. • To finance a new war against Spain • To purchase new western lands Choose all that are true!

18. British Troops and Taxes In order to enforce the proclamation and to maintain the peace, King George III decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies, which would be very expensive.

19. British Troops and Taxes • In 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which required colonists to give food and housing to British troops. • General Thomas Gage, commander of the British forces, put most of the troops in New York. • Colonists were deeply angered by the Quartering Act.

20. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

21. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

22. Fill out the next two boxes on your chart, then answer the following question on your whiteboard: How did the colonists respond to the Quartering Act?

23. British Troops and Taxes The British government needed money to help repay its debts from the French and Indian War and to pay for troops to guard the frontier.

24. British Troops and Taxes • In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which levied a tax on sugar, molasses, and certain other imports. • This was the first tax passed by the government without asking for the approval of colonial governments.

25. British Troops and Taxes • It also called for strict enforcement of the act and harsh punishment of smugglers. • Colonial merchants, who often traded in smuggled goods, reacted with anger. • Smuggling went on, and even increased in some areas.

26. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

27. 1. Why did the British government need revenue from the colonies after 1763? • To pay for the French and Indian War • To buy gifts for the Indians • To keep troops in North America. • To finance a new war against Spain • To purchase new western lands Choose all that are true!

28. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act • Colonists were quick to complain to Parliament about the unfairness of the tax. • Colonial leaders such as James Otis claimed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies, since the colonists were not represented in Parliament.

29. Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act • As Otis exclaimed, “Tax-ation without represen–tation is tyranny!” • British finance minister George Grenville disagreed, saying that the colonists were subjects of Britain, and enjoyed the protection of its laws. • For that reason, Grenville argued, they were subject to taxation.

30. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

31. 2. Why did the Sugar Act make some colonists angry? • They felt that Britain had no right to tax them directly. • They objected to being required to buy sugar. • The tax made sugar to expensive for most people to afford. • They were not represented in Parliament. • It reduced the penalties for smuggling. Choose all that are true!

32. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses

33. Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

34. Fill out the next two boxes on your chart, then answer the following question on your whiteboard: How did the colonists react to the Sugar Act?

35. Britain’s Problems Britain’s Solutions Colonists’ Responses