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Chapter 12

Chapter 12. Public Speaking: Developing the Speech. Sources of Information. Primary-these are the best, original reports of the observations or research Secondary-sources that report, but did not originally generate the research. Types of Sources. Books-can quickly become out of date

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Chapter 12

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  1. Chapter 12 Public Speaking: Developing the Speech

  2. Sources of Information • Primary-these are the best, original reports of the observations or research • Secondary-sources that report, but did not originally generate the research

  3. Types of Sources • Books-can quickly become out of date • Magazines-provide recent information quickly • Newspapers-contain current information, published frequently • Journals-report research and theories in specific fields • Indexes-encyclopedias, atlases, and bibliographical guides that provide descriptive information in certain categories

  4. More Source Types • Government Publications-minimal cost, variety of subjects • Special-interest group publications-ex. American Cancer Society • Nonprint media-tape recordings, records, films, videos, DVDs, CDS, etc. • Interviews-face-to-face, instant messaging, telephone, email • Computer searches-Google, Yahoo

  5. Internet Use • Monitor the quality and content you use • Find valid sources • Use the databases available to you from the school library • Set a stopping point • Do not use Wikipedia

  6. Prepare Your Speech Carefully • Analyze sources • Carefully record and use your research • Use either MLA or APA to cite sources • MLA –www.mla.org • APA-www.apastyle.org • Purdue Owl-www. owl.english.purdue.edu

  7. Supporting Material • Information which should clarify a point you are making within your presentation or offer evidence of the validity of the argument presented. • Challenge for the speaker is to find interesting and engaging material

  8. Most Memorable Material • Simple • Unexpected • Concrete • Credible • Emotional • Story-based

  9. Stories • These tend to be the most interesting type of supporting material. • They provide connection from the speaker and their presentation to the audience • They are engaging • They are easy to listen to • They can be persuasive • The speaker should indicated whether they are factual or hypothetical

  10. Additional Types of Support • Specific instances-condensed examples which clarify or prove a point • Exposition-gives the needed background information so that the listener can understand the material presented • Analogies-comparing unfamiliar concepts to concepts that are familiar • Testimony-direct quotation or paraphrase from an authority

  11. Statistics • Numerical data arranged as representations, trends, or theories

  12. Effective Statistics • Who says so? • How does he or she know? • What is missing? • Does the statistic make sense?

  13. Testimony • Direct quotation or paraphrase from an authority • Is the material quoted accurately? • Is the source biased? • Is the information relevant? • Is the source competent for the field you are discussing? • Is the information Current?

  14. Presenting Supporting Material • Internal summaries-a short restatement of what has just been said in the section you are about to leave • Forecast -a statement that alerts the audience of what is to come • Transition-combining the internal summary with the forecast • Supplementary aids-visual, audio, audiovisual, and computerized graphics

  15. Visual Aids • Appeal to our sense of sight • Real objects • Photographs, pictures, and diagrams • Charts • Chalk or whiteboards • PowerPoint • Drawings • Graphs

  16. PowerPoint • Use a clean looking font-Arial, Times New Roman • Limit the amount of text on any one slide • Use an appropriate size font • Keep the lights on in the presentation-you may shut off front lights

  17. Break • Five minute stretch break and then we will discuss Chapter 13.

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