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Carbonyl compounds. “Class I” “Class II”. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Structure and Spectroscopy. Acid Derivatives. Nomenclature Acyl halides: alkanoyl halides Anhydrides: alkanoic anhydrides Esters: alkyl alkanoates Amides: N -alkyl (or N, N-dialkyl) alkanamides.
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Carbonyl compounds • “Class I” “Class II”
Carboxylic Acid Derivatives • Structure and Spectroscopy
Acid Derivatives • Nomenclature • Acyl halides: alkanoyl halides • Anhydrides: alkanoic anhydrides • Esters: alkyl alkanoates • Amides: N-alkyl (or N,N-dialkyl) alkanamides
Reactions of acid chlorides: • Acid anhydride formation
Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides: • Ester formation
Reactions of esters • Hydrolysis (acidic conditions)
Reactions of esters • Saponification (hydrolysis under basic conditions)
Reactions of esters • Saponification
Reactions of acid chlorides and anhydrides: • Amide formation
Different types of amides • succinimide caprylolactam
Reactions of amides • Hydrolysis - acid catalyzed
Preparation of Acids • Hydrolysis of Nitriles