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Chapter 15 – Evolution: Evidence and Theory

Chapter 15 – Evolution: Evidence and Theory. Nature of Fossils. Fossil – trace of a long-dead organism. Fossils are formed from sediment is deposited by wind or water. Fossils formed from: shell, bones, teeth, case of plants. Types of fossil.

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Chapter 15 – Evolution: Evidence and Theory

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  1. Chapter 15 – Evolution: Evidence and Theory

  2. Nature of Fossils • Fossil – trace of a long-dead organism. • Fossils are formed from sediment is deposited by wind or water. • Fossils formed from: shell, bones, teeth, case of plants

  3. Types of fossil • Mold – imprint in rock in the shape of an organism. • Cast – rocklike model of the organism

  4. One of the first scientists to study fossils. • Hooke – concluded that fossils are the remains of plants and animals.

  5. Distribution of Fossils • NicolausSten (1638-1686) – proposed the LawofSuperposition – successive layers of rock or soil were deposited on top of one another by wind or water. • Stratum – layer of sediment. • He counted the stratums to guess how old a fossil was. – relativeage. • Absoluteage – age in years, estimated from radiological evidence.

  6. Succession of Forms • Species appeared and then became extinct. • Massextinctions – the fossil record show that large numbers of species disappeared. • Probably resulted from drastic changes in the environment.

  7. Biogeography • The study of the geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms. • Comparison of recently formed fossil types with types of living organisms in the same geographic area shows that new organisms arise in areas where similar forms already lived.

  8. Section review • Pg. 281 • 1-6

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