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Joint Development of Land Use and Light Rail Stations

Structure of the presentation. IntroductionLiterature ReviewPurpose of the StudyHypothesesMethodologyFindingsConclusions. Introduction. The land-use transportation interaction Empirical evidence of the built environment's impact on travel demandLand-use intensification and mixed land uses

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Joint Development of Land Use and Light Rail Stations

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    1. Joint Development of Land Use and Light Rail Stations The Case of Tel Aviv ???? ??? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????.???? ??? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????.

    2. Structure of the presentation Introduction Literature Review Purpose of the Study Hypotheses Methodology Findings Conclusions ??? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????, ??"? ????? ?? ????? ???? - ?????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? – ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ??"?.??? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????, ??"? ????? ?? ????? ???? - ?????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ???? ?? – ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ?????? ??"?.

    3. Introduction The land-use transportation interaction Empirical evidence of the built environment’s impact on travel demand Land-use intensification and mixed land uses – their impact on transit use The role and function of Light Rail Transit - LRT ????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (????? ?????? – CERVERO), ??? ?? ?? ????? (Handy, Ewing, ) ???????? ??????? ??"? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????, ????? ???, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? (????? ?????? – CERVERO), ??? ?? ?? ????? (Handy, Ewing, ) ???????? ??????? ??"? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????, ?? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. ????? ????, ????? ???, ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????

    4. What can light rail transit do? at the micro level Enhancing accessibility “Getting people out of their cars” at the macro level Relieving traffic congestion Reducing emissions Rejuvenating urban centres Stimulating economic growth ????? ???? ?????, ??"?, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????????, ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????, ?????? "?????? ?? ?????? ?????????" ????? ????????, ????? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?: ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????, ??"?, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????????????, ??? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????, ?????? "?????? ?? ?????? ?????????" ????? ????????, ????? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?: ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????

    5. Tel Aviv as a case study 1st light rail line in Tel Aviv, due to open in 2010. Connects 4 major cities The stations location was based on travel demand ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? 2010, ???? ???? ??? 4 ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? - ??"? - ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? – ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ? 2010, ???? ???? ??? 4 ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? - ??"? - ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? – ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????

    6. The built environment and travel demand Impacts on daily travel demand: Intensified areas attract trips Mixed land uses around LRT stations induce transit use and walking/cycling Trip generation is not affected by land use ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? - ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????, ????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? – ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? - ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????, ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????, ????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? – ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????

    7. Methodology Land uses and travel demand ???? ????? ????? ? – 2 ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? – ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ? – 2 ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????: ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? – ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?????

    8. Land Use Scenarios ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???"?, ?????? ???' ???????-????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???"?, ?????? ???' ???????-????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????

    9. High densities - Scenario 1 ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???"?, ?????? ???' ???????-????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???"?, ?????? ???' ???????-????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????

    10. High densities - Scenario 2 ?????? ???? ???? ???, ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????, ?????????? – ???????-??????????? ???? ???? ???, ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????, ?????????? – ???????-?????

    11. High densities - Scenario 3 ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???"? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? – ???? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???"? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? – ???? ???? ????????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????

    12. Mixed uses - Scenario 4 ?????? ?????? – ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? – ????? ??? ?????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? – ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? – ????? ??? ?????, ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????

    13. Models calibrated ????? ???? – ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???"? ????? 40 ?????? ?????? ??????, ? 50 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? – ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???"? ????? 40 ?????? ?????? ??????, ? 50 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????

    14. 2. Calibration of the NTA Model Focus on the first 2 steps of the trip forecast models – generation & attraction Retrofitting the models with land use variables Job density, Job-population balance, workforce-population (variables found significant and positive) Population density, workforce density (variables found insignificant and/or negative) Nta model - 5 trip purposes Data limitations The reason for focusing on he 1st 2 steps of the forecast models Nta model - 5 trip purposes Data limitations The reason for focusing on he 1st 2 steps of the forecast models

    15. Findings – trip generation ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? 4??????, ???? ???? ????. ???? – ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ??????? – ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? – ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? - ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ????, ?? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????, ???? ?????? 4??????, ???? ???? ????. ???? – ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???, ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ??????? – ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? – ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? - ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ???, ?? ???? ???? ????, ?? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????

    16. Scenario 0 has a larger share of no employees in hh relative to all the other scenarios. Households with less employees produce more hbo trips, at the expense of hbw trips – scenario 0Scenario 0 has a larger share of no employees in hh relative to all the other scenarios. Households with less employees produce more hbo trips, at the expense of hbw trips – scenario 0

    17. Findings – Model calibration This result is subsequent to correcting the taz’s with irregular results for job-pop balance or workforce-pop balanceThis result is subsequent to correcting the taz’s with irregular results for job-pop balance or workforce-pop balance

    18. HBW model coefficients

    19. Findings- Model Calibration

    21. Mixed and intensified land uses attract more trips ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????

    22. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? (??????? 1-2-3) ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? – ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????-????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? 1 – ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? (??????? 1-2-3) ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? – ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????-????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? 1 – ?? ???? ?????? ??????.

    23. Intensified commercial areas attract less motorized home-base commuting trips ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? (?? ?????? ?????? ???"? ??? ?????? ?????????) ?? ???? ?????? ????? – ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???"? ???????? ?????? ???"? – ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ????? (?? ?????? ?????? ???"? ??? ?????? ?????????) ?? ???? ?????? ????? – ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???"? ???????? ?????? ???"? – ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????

    24. Findings ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????- ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? – ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????- ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? – ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.

    25. Lower job densities attract higher rates of home base shopping trips Scenario 4 – mixed environments- slightly higher hbs tripsScenario 4 – mixed environments- slightly higher hbs trips

    26. Home Base Shopping model coefficients

    27. findings Scenario 4’s high results in retrofitted model – due to the dummy variable for mixed uses

    28. Main findings Intensified land uses tend to generate more motorized trips per household than mixed land uses or the base scenario Intensified and mixed land uses attract more trips per worker ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? – ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? – ??? ????? – ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? – ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ??? ????? – ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? – ??? ????? – ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? – ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ??? ??????????

    29. Conclusions Alternative land use scenarios generate and attract differential trip rates Mixed land uses are different from intensified land uses, in terms of travel demand High density & mixed land uses can serve as strategic decision variables in locating transit stations ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? – ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? – ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????

    30. Thank you

    31. Further research Metropolitan level forecasts Exploring the most conducive land use mix for lrt ridership - Before and after lrt introduction Comparison to other lrt systems Trip mode share Exploring station location by trip demand and land use characteristics

    32. Trip generation with same workforce ratio for all the scenarios

    33. Planned LRT red line in Metropolitan Tel Aviv

    34. Differences in population densities

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