WHII.10: World War I

1. WHII.10: World War I

2. Objectives p. 091 WHII.10 The student will demonstrate knowledge of the worldwide impact of World War I by a) explaining economic causes, political causes, and major events and identifying major leaders of the war, with emphasis on Woodrow Wilson and Kaiser Wilhelm II; b) explaining the outcomes and global effect of the war and the Treaty of Versailles; c) citing causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution.

3. Essential Understandings p. 092 10a&b World War I (1914-1918) was caused by competition among industrial nations in Europe and a failure of diplomacy. The war transformed European and American life, wrecked the economies of Europe, and planted the seeds for a second world war. 10c Tsarist Russia entered World War I as an absolute monarchy with sharp class divisions between the nobility and the peasants. The grievances of workers and peasants were not resolved by the Tsar. Inadequate administration in World War I led to revolution and an unsuccessful provisional government. A second revolution by the Bolsheviks created the communist state that ultimately became the U.S.S.R.

4. Essential Questions p. 092 10a What were the factors that produced World War I? 10a What were the major events of the war? 10a Who were the major leaders? 10b What were the outcomes and global effects of World War I? 10b What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? 10c Why did Russia erupt in revolution while fighting in World War I? 10c How did communism rise in Russia?

5. Why do I need to know this? p. 092 • Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990s. • Much of the technology of modern warfare, such as fighter planes and tanks, was introduced in World War I. • The war propelled the United States to a new position of international power, which it retains today. • Hard feelings left by the peace settlement helped cause World War II.

6. Leading Up to World War I p. 093

7. Causes of World War I Activity

8. MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093 • Militarism - countries began comparing their military and glorifying military power • Standing armies – prepared for war • Arms race

10. MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093 • Alliances -- treaty to protect each other in the advent of future war • Franco-Prussian war caused mistrust between Germany and France • causing Germany to begin creating alliances • Alliances of World War I (1914): 1) Triple Alliance/Central Powers – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Ottoman Empire 2)Triple Entente/ Allies – Britain, France and Russia

11. MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093 3. Imperialism – each of the European nations were competing for colonies

12. MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093 • 4. Nationalism • a. France wanted Alsace-Lorraine back from Germany • b. Austria-Hungary – controlled Bosnia-Herzegovina which is mostly Slavic • Slavic people were supported by nearby Serbia, who was supported by Russia

13. Austria-Hungary

14. MAIN Causes of WWI p. 093 • 5. Diplomatic Failures --- countries not willing to talk peace

15. M i l i t a r i s m A l l I a n c e s I m p e r I a l I s m N a t I o n a l I s m MAIN Causes of WWI

16. Central and Allied Powers

17. Nationalism

19. The Spark p. 093 1. Archduke Francis Ferdinand – heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne 2. June 28, 1914 – while riding through the streets of Sarajevo, he and his wife were assassinated by GavriloPrincip of the Black Hand 3. July 28, 1914 – Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

20. Archduke Francis Ferdinand GavriloPrinicp

21. Assassination of Ferdinand

22. Central and Allied Powers

23. Central and Allied Powers

24. The War p. 095

25. Map of events

26. The Schlieffen Plan p. 095 • German plan that was designed to avoid the possibility of fighting France and Russia at the same time • the Germans considered Russia to be the biggest threat 3. the plan called for the Germans to attach France and defeat it within a month, before the Russians could mobilize

27. Schlieffen Plan

28. Turn to page 368 and answer the Geography Skill Builder in your notes.

29. In the Trench

30. Trench Diagram #1

31. Trench Diagram #2

33. Trench – No Man’s Land

35. All Quiet on the Western Front video clip • Reading: All quiet on the western front.

36. Eastern and Western Fronts

37. Submarine

38. Submarine Patrol Area

39. Battle of Verdun p. 095 1. Feb. to Dec. 1916 (longest battle of WWI) 2. A massive assault by the Germans in northeast France 3. only 150 miles from Paris 4. ended as a stalemate between the French and Germans

40. The United States p. 095 1. The Lusitania – British passenger liner sunk in May 1915 by Germany (128 Americans died) a. President Wilsonwarns Germany to stop unrestricted submarine (U boat) warfare b. U.S. had strongereconomic and cultural ties to Great Britain 2. The Zimmerman Telegram – if Mexico would attack the US, Germany would support them inregaining the land they had lost to the U.S.

41. Submarine Patrol Area

42. The Lusitania

45. Zimmerman Telegram

47. Zimmerman Telegram

48. U.S. Enters War (1917) Triple Alliance/Central Powers Triple Entente/ Allied Powers France Great Britain United States Leader = Woodrow Wilson 4. Russia – drops out Leader = Czar Nicolas II • Germany Leader = Kaiser Wilhelm II • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

49. What was war like?

50. Russia Drops out p. 097