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Plants

Plants. Bryophytes. Single layer of cells Swimming sperm Dominant gametophyte stage Mosses Need aqueous environment. Pteridophytes. Individual leaves called fronds Dominant sporophyte stage Swimming sperm Spores break out of sporangium Need aqueous environment . Gymnosperms. Conifers

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Plants

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  1. Plants

  2. Bryophytes • Single layer of cells • Swimming sperm • Dominant gametophyte stage • Mosses • Need aqueous environment

  3. Pteridophytes • Individual leaves called fronds • Dominant sporophyte stage • Swimming sperm • Spores break out of sporangium • Need aqueous environment

  4. Gymnosperms • Conifers • Cone bearing seed plants • Non-Swimming sperm • Sperm’s carried by wind and animals • Don’t need an aqueous environment • Dominant Sporophyte

  5. Angiosperms • Flower bearing • Non-swimming sperm • Dominant Sporophyte • Divided into Monocots and Eudicots

  6. Double Fertilization

  7. Monocots and Eudicots

  8. NATURE

  9. Ground Tissue • Parenchyma • Most abundant • Least specialized and found in all organs of a plant. • Contain chloroplasts and carry on photosynthesis • Chollenchyma • Thicker primary walls • Uneven thickness • Provides support for immature regions • Sclerenchyma • Thick secondary walls impregnated with lignin • Most sclerenchyma cells support mature regions

  10. Vascular Tissue • Xylem • Transports water and minerals • Contain tracheids and vessel elements which are hollow and non-living • Vessel elements may have perforation plates in their end walls forming continuous tube • Tracheids are tapered and have pits for water to move across • Phloem • Contain sieve-tube members • Each sieve-tube member has a companion cell that contains a nucleus because sieve-tube member cells don’t have nuclei

  11. Casparian strip is what holds the endodermis together-water proof strip that forces water to go through the cells

  12. Hormones • Auxin • Responsible for apical dominance • Causes growth of roots and fruits • Prevents loss of leaves and fruit • Gravitropism and phototropism • Gibberellins • Promote stem elongation • Produce larger fruits and flowers • Cytokinins • Prevent senescence • Cause axillary buds to grow

  13. More-mones • Abscisic Acid • Initiates and maintains seed and bud dormancy • Closes stomata • Ethylene • Causes fruit to ripen • Inhibits axillary buds

  14. No More-Mones

  15. Leaves • Waxy cuticle • Spongy mesophyll • Stomata • Guard cells • Lower/upper epidermis

  16. Turgid stomata

  17. Roots Types of roots: • Taproot- dandelion • Fibrous- grass • Adventitious- corn • Aerial- orchid

  18. Genes or no genes ;) • Gregor Mendel documented inheritance in peas • Used experimental method ad quantitative data • DNA REPLICATION

  19. Vocab • Genotype- description of an organisms genetic makeup • Phenotype- description of an organism’s trait (physical appearance) • Allele- variation of a gene • Gametes- sex cells • Pleiotrpy- one gene affects more than one phenotypic characteristic

  20. Monohybrid cross

  21. Dihybrid Cross

  22. Incomplete dominance • Red RR flower crossed with white rr flower makes a pink Rr flower!!!

  23. Codominance • Two alleles affect the phenotype in separate, distinguishable ways • Found in blood types • Three alleles; IA, IB, I • Both IAand IB dominant to I allele and codominant to each other

  24. Sex linked traits • Some alleles are passed with sex chromosomes (X and Y) • Y chromosome • SRY: master regulator for maleness • X chromosome • Contains other traits beyond sex determination such as hemophilia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and color blindness

  25. PEdigree Also, carriers are represented by a half colored circle

  26. Huah Swag nae nae

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