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This article discusses the findings and challenges faced in testing three massive sulphide sites, their impact on AEM surveys, and the development of new interpretation tools for geophysical exploration methods.
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Lessons learnt from three massive sulphides test sites Li Zhen Cheng, Denis Bois, UQAT Michel Chouteau, Ecole Polytechnique Michel Allard, Noranda (now is Xstrata) David Fountain,Richard S. Smith, Jean Lemieux, Marc A. Vallee, FugroAirborne Surveys Pierre Keating, GSC
Geological provinces in Québec Abitibi greenstone Belt
600 m 700 nT/s (off time) Py Cu Zn semi-massivesulphide New Insco 800 m Iso
pH = 2.3 Aldermac
Summary • Iso-New Insco : simple geometry in a resistive host • Test the performance of MEGATEM system. • Gallen:Main body mined out and residual massive sulphides are submerged in acidic water with surrounded metal fence. • Look at the impact from these unfavourable conditions to AEM surveys. • Aldermac: small and deep pods under tailing dump in a hydrographic basin - conductive overburden. • Challenge for MEGATEM system?
What have been done? • Field tests • Two base frequencies of 90 Hz and 30 Hz • Height attenuation tests • Reverse flight direction tests • Transmitter off • Research • Data processing & visualization • Anomalies classification • Modeling and interpretation
L301 L501 90 Hz 30 Hz N Iso copper rich zone 90 Hz 30 Hz
MEGATEM flights over Iso deposit at different altitudes (line 100501) 35000 fT 35000 fT 461 m 461 m Bx Bz 35000 35000 371 m 371 m 35000 35000 274 m 274 m 100000 100000 187 m 187 m 300000 300000 122 m 122 m 250 m 250 m 500 m 500 m 750 m 750 m 1000 m 1000 m
450 350 channel 6 channel 20 channel 6 overburden conductance = 1.2 S channel 20
700 nT/s 700 nT/s 0 0 700 nT/s 700 nT/s 0 0 700 nT/s 700 nT/s 0 0 0 0 Basalt Basalt Diorite Diorite 250 250 Diorite Diorite Massive sulphide Massive sulphide Rhyolite Rhyolite 500 500 Dacite Dacite Basalt Basalt 750 750 Andesite Andesite (m) (m) In the down-dip direction In the up-dip direction Bx Bx By By Bz Bz
W E 30 o 60 o 60 o 30 o Plate model: 600 m in width, 800 m in deep extension at 50 m depth X up - dip down - dip Z
a b c d X old X new Z old Z new
3D modeling tools for EM data interpretation • Maxwell • Plate • LeroiAir • Emigma • MacroAir • ArjunaAir • EmQ • LokiAir (EMIT_Au) (U_Toronto) Thin sheet Polyhedron (PetRos_EiKon) Prism (CSIRO_Au) 2.5 D Sphere (GSS_Au) 3 D
30 S 20 S 55 S 40 S
10000 pT/s dBx/dt dBx/dt 30 Hz 30 Hz 0 10000 pT/s dBz/dt dBz/dt 0 Aldermac deposit Line 401 Line 501 measured measured measured measured 10000 pT/s dBx/dt dBx/dt 0 Thick prism Thick prism 10000 pT/s dBz/dt dBz/dt 0 Thick prism Thick prism 0 3 km 0 3 km
Conclusion The present project to enhance the MEGATEM technology has been a successful collaboration between universities and industry. New objective Develop new interpretation tools for geophysical exploration methods