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Enlightenment Thinkers

Enlightenment Thinkers. The ideas of these philosophers. John Locke. 1632 - 1704 “The Philosopher of Freedom”. Locke’s Views. Defended the English Bill of Rights that placed limitations on the monarch’s power. Born with “ Natural Rights ” to life, liberty and property .

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Enlightenment Thinkers

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  1. Enlightenment Thinkers • The ideas of these philosophers

  2. John Locke 1632 - 1704 “The Philosopher of Freedom”

  3. Locke’s Views • Defended the English Bill of Rights that placed limitations on the monarch’s power. • Born with “Natural Rights” to life, liberty and property. • Governments are formed to protect the people. • If a government is bad or unjust the people have the right to rebel.

  4. “The Two Treaties” • Published anonymously 1689. • The Second Treaties - outlines a theory of political/civil society based on natural rights.

  5. What documents were effected by his ideas?

  6. Thomas Hobbes

  7. View’s of Hobbes • People need a strong Monarchy - giving all the power to a king or queen. • Wrote the book “Leviathan”. • Governments are created to protect people from themselves. • Democracy won’t work because the people are only interested in promoting their own interest.

  8. Leviathan

  9. Baron de Montesquieu

  10. Views of Montesquieu views • Wrote the book, “The Spirit of Laws” • You must have a separation of power in government to prevent any single group form abusing or having too much power. • We see this idea today. Where?

  11. Separation of Power Written into the U.S. Constitution

  12. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

  13. View’s of Rousseau • People are born good, independent, and compassionate. If left alone in a state of nature people would live happy and peaceful with no need for laws. It is society that corrupts the individual. • He believed that the governments of England and the United States were corrupt. “Any law which the people has not ratified in person is void; it is not law at all”.

  14. View’s of Rousseau • Wrote “The Social Contract” • Individuals, not government would be willing to make and obey the laws. • Government should exist on the basis of a democratic “Social Contract”, where people have a direct say in the way their society is governed. • He promoted the “Common Good” • He had an impact on Thomas Jefferson

  15. Mary Wollstonecraft

  16. View’s of Wollstonecraft • During the late 1700’s women were believed to have an inferior intellect and considered weak by nature. • Wrote “A Vindication of the “Rights of Women” an important work which advocated equality of the sexes, and the main doctrine of later women’s movements. • Believed that the progress of humanity is held back by the fact that women are not allowed to fully contribute to society.

  17. Adam Smith

  18. View’s of Adam Smith • Wrote “Wealth of Nations” • Free Market Economy • Supply and Demand • Laissez Fair - Little or no government intervention

  19. Voltaire

  20. View’s of Voltaire • Supported freedom of speech and expression. • Criticized government and the church.

  21. Voltaire Wrote

  22. Denis Diderot

  23. Diderot Created the Encyclopedia Why was this controversial?

  24. Lets test your knowledge.

  25. The statement, “Taxation without representation” was partly influenced by the thinking of?

  26. Rousseau

  27. The natural force of supply and demand?

  28. Free Market

  29. “I don’t agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it”

  30. Voltaire

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