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ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS.

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ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

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  1. ENLIGHTENMENTTHINKERS CA State Standard 10.2.1: Compare the major ideas of philosophers and their effects on the democratic revolutions in England, the United States, and Latin America (e.g. John Locke, Charles-Louis Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Simon Bolivar, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison)

  2. Age of Reason • Reason and thought • Power of the individual • Height 1700s

  3. Thomas Hobbes“war…of every man against every man,” and life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short” • Social Contract • Leviathan (1651) • Absolute monarchy

  4. John Locke • Two Treatises of Government • Self-government • 3 natural rights

  5. Natural Rights • Life: everyone is entitled to live once they are created • Liberty: everyone is entitled to do what they want as long as it does not interfere with the right to life • Property: everyone is entitled to all they create or gain through gift or trade as long as it does not interfere with the right to life or liberty

  6. Philosophes • Means “philosopher” in French • Mid-1700s in France • Application of reason • 5 core beliefs • Reason • Nature • Happiness • Progress • Liberty

  7. Voltaire“I don’t believe a word you say but will defend to the death you right to say it.” • Tolerance, reason, freedom of religious beliefs, freedom of speech • Targeted clergy, aristocracy and government • Jailed twice and exiled to England for 2 years

  8. Baron de Montesquieu“Power should be a check to power.” • French writer • On the Spirit of Laws (1748) • Separation of Powers

  9. Jean Jacques Rousseau“Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” • Social Contract • Individual Freedom • Opposite views of most enlightenment thinkers • Abolish noble titles

  10. Cesare Bonesana Beccaria • Preservation of social order • Abolish torture and capital punishment • Greatest good

  11. Mary Wollstonecraft“If absolute sovereignty be not necessary in a state, how comes it to be so in a family?...If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?” • A Vindication of the Right of Women (1792) • Education of Women • Self-taught

  12. Legacy of the Enlightenment

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