LOOKING FOR ALTERNATIVE INDUSTRIAL SPACE STRATEGIES

1. LOOKING FOR ALTERNATIVE INDUSTRIALSPACE STRATEGIES Michel Courtois ESA/ESTEC

2. Prepare and enable future European space programmes and ensure coherence of technology developments schedule (ad-hoc maturity level) for maximum use by projects Foster innovation in architectures of space systems, identification of disruptive technologies, developments of new concepts Support competitiveness of industry in the European institutional markets and in the global commercial markets Ensure European Technology non-dependence/ ensure the availability of European sources for critical technologies, Leverage on technological progresses and innovations, outside the space sector to use and adapt them to design new space systems (spin-in) Start security for citizens techno program. ESA Technology Strategy: Top-Level Objectives A B C D E

3. Flight Demonstration: Example

4. ESA Technology End-to-End process European Space Policy and Programme ESA Strategy and Programmes European and Worldwide Technology Assessment ESA Technology Strategy User Programme Needs European Harmonisation/ESTMP Industry Consultation ESA Technology Long Term Plan Technology Monitoring/ Evaluation Technology Implementation Industrial products

5. GSTP + Strategic Technologies CTP Satellites Launchers and Space Station Programs Elips T R P Step FLPP EOEP Galileo Aurora/Exploration Artes Product Maturity ESA Technology Programmes and Technology Maturity A real product policy is put in place to ensure adequacy of needed products to the maturity level required by the programmes. Remarks: 1) The necessary investments increase significantly with the level of maturity to be achieved 2) Full qualification is impacted by the system environment and is most of the time mission specific 3) Technology development should be regularly confronted to market demand AND ADD PROG: TTP;EMIR/MFC; PRODEX; DUP

6. Technology Programmes versus Technology Readiness Levels versus Technology Readiness Levels 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 TRL TRL Technology Technology Experimental Experimental Component and/ Component and/ Component and/ Component and/ System / System / System System Actual system Actual system Actual system Actual system concept concept critical function critical function or broadband or broadband or broadband or broadband subsystem model subsystem model prototype prototype completed and completed and “ “ Flight Proven Flight Proven ” ” formulated formulated and /or proof of and /or proof of validation in validation in validation in validation in or prototype or prototype demonstration in demonstration in “ “ Flight Qualified Flight Qualified ” ” through through concept concept laboratory laboratory relevant relevant demonstration in demonstration in a space a space through test and through test and successful successful Main Main environment environment a relevant a relevant environment environment demonstration demonstration mission mission Service Service environment environment (Ground or (Ground or operations operations domains domains Space) Space) TRP TRP Mandatory Mandatory Generic/ Multi Generic/ Multi - - domains domains CTP CTP Science Science GSTP GSTP Generic/ Multi Generic/ Multi - - domains domains Earth Observation Earth Observation EOEP EOEP ARTES Telecommunications Telecommunications Navigation Navigation Galileo Optional Optional FLPP FLPP Space transportation Space transportation Aurora Aurora Human Human spaceflight spaceflight / / STEP Exploration Exploration ELIPS ELIPS Potential Extension on Exceptional Cases ESA Technology Programme versus Technology Readiness Levels

7. Iteration on Technology needs Identify complementary activities proposed Procurement Plan Technology requirements ITT ITT Phase 0 (Pre-Phase A) ITT Phase A Phase B/C/D Assessment of design and technology maturity + feedback (internal ESA) Assessment of programme procurement plan + identification of “deviations” Technology and Application Programmes Early phases of the application programmes will be accompanied to maximise utilisation of European technologies.

8. ESA Technology Programmes :TRP & GSTP Basic Technology Research Programme (TRP) • Part of ESA Mandatory Programmes • Covering all technology disciplines & applications • Based on three year Workplan, with yearly updates • About 38 M€ in commitments per Year General Support Technology Programme (GSTP) • Optional Programme - Each member state decides: => The amount of its participation => The technological activities to support • Covering general purpose technology developments • Three year cycle with regular updates • Regular AOs are part of GSTP • >30 Meuro in commitments per Year, Industrial co-funding possible

9. Research & feasibility demonstration Predevelopment Prequalification TECHNOLOGY R&D Innovative/Prospective Technology CATEGORY A CATEGORY B Support to Programmes & Generic Technologies CATEGORY C Support to Industry’s Competitiveness (Short Term) ESA Technology Programmes: TRP & GSTP

10. Element Objective Timely Perspective Finance Level Participation Modus ITT Long-term ARTES 1 100% Strategy Mission/system studies, general configuration and define the necessary technology developments Up to 50% Short-term Near to Market ITT ARTES 3 Multimedia, SATCOM system elements, Pioneering Novel Systems and Adv. MSS Promote MM applicat., develop & validate comprehensive MMS and Advanced MSS Up to 50% ARTES 4 Continuous Open Call for Proposals or Specific ITT Short-term Near to Market ESA/Industry Partnership Research, develop & demonstrate state of the art technologies and services with clear applications potential ITT Long-term ARTES 5 100% Technology Use of telecom. satellites, advance and improve satellite systems and related space and ground segment ITT Mid-term (1st Generation Market Entry 2007-2008) ARTES 8 50%, 75% & 100% Large Telecommunications Platform Develop a multipurpose Platform for large telecom. payloads. Implement a LP mission. Reinforce European sat Industry ARTES Programme Elements

11. Evolutions des technologies

12. ERC 32 computer: 17Mips SpaceWire (200Mbps) Commercial PC: 1000Mips Network speed, Space / Ground

13. Evolution of AOCS sensors Star Trackers APS-based Star Tracker (centre) for the Bepi-Colombo mission, shown between a precursor Cassini Stellar Reference Unit (right) and a CCD-based Autonomous Star Tracker (left) MEMS gyroscopes Rate sensor based on Coriolis effect, being adapted from terrestrial model for space applications EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGIES

14. EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGIES Digital Integrated Circuit evolutions: ASICs and FPGAs • Improve radiation hardening of re- programmable FPGA • On-board data processing for data compression and reduction • Compression factors up to several 1000 dependent on the sensor are possible

15. Enabling Control Technologies: Earth Observation Agility Drag free Science missions High accuracy pointing Formation flying Exploration Safe precision Entry Descent Landing systems Autonomous Rendez-Vous Systems Fault Tolerant Control Systems Micro GN&C Systems Increased autonomy Launchers Fault Tolerant Control Systems Telecoms SPECTRA GOCE RLV Autonomous rendezvous Fault tolerant control system LISA PF Safe precision landing DARWIN LISA GAIA EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGIES

16. Technology improvements forces to modify the system architecture approach, especially for operational missions. Technology improvements of equipments in mass, power requirements; on board computer performance increase, integration of complex functions in asics and programmable FPGA, optics and simulation performances increase make possible changes in spacecraft architecture: small and more autonomous s/c can provide top level solutions. CONCLUSION