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The Rise of Democratic Ideas

The Rise of Democratic Ideas. Modern World History. The Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome. 2000 BCE - Greeks formed cities Different types of governments established Monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy. Athens. Democratic rule Citizens decided government decisions

jacqueline-frederick
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The Rise of Democratic Ideas

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  1. The Rise of Democratic Ideas • Modern World History

  2. The Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome • 2000 BCE - Greeks formed cities • Different types of governments established • Monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, democracy

  3. Athens • Democratic rule • Citizens decided government decisions • Citizens included male residents • Yearly election of 3 nobles to rule the city-state and after 1 year of service, nobles joined larger council of advisers

  4. Solon • 600 BCE- economic problems arise • Outlawed slavery based on debt and cancelled farmers' debt • Established four classes of citizens based on wealth • Created Council of Four Hundred • Increased participation in government

  5. Cleisthenes • Introduced more reforms circa 508 BCE • Reorganized the assembly to balance power between rich and poor • Increased power of assembly • Created the Council of Five Hundred

  6. Pericles • Led Athens 461-429 BCE • Strengthened Greek democracy • Athens evolved into a direct democracy

  7. Philosophers • Reason and logic to investigate the nature of the universe, human society, and morality • 1) the universe (land, sea, sky) is put together in an orderly way and is subject to absolute and unchanging laws • 2) people can understand these laws through logic and reason • Socrates; Plato; Aristotle • Natural laws

  8. Rome • 1000 - 500 BCE Romans defeated Romans and Etruscans for control of the Italian peninsula • 509 BCE Roman aristocrats overthrew a harsh king and established a republic • Early republic - two groups struggled for power • Patricians: aristocratic landowners, held most of the power, inherited power and social status, claimed that their ancestry gave them the authority to make laws for Rome its people • Plebeians: common farmers, artisans, merchants, citizens of Rome with the right to vote, barred by law from holding most important government positions • Plebeians forced creation of a written law code • 451 BCE - the Twelve Tables were publicly displayed and established that free citizens had the right to protection of the law and laws would be fairly administered

  9. Republican Government • Separate branches: two consuls commanded the army and directed the government, served one year term • Senate: patricians, controlled foreign and financial policies and advise the consuls • In times of crisis, republic provided for a dictator - absolute power to make laws and command the army, limited to six month term • Expansion through conquest and trade created problems • 27 BCE Rome came under the rule of an emperor

  10. Roman Law • Based on principles of reason and justice and protect citizens and their property • All citizens had the right to equal treatment under the law • A person was considered innocent until proven guilty • The burden of proof rested with the accuser rather than the accused • Any law that seemed unreasonable or grossly unfair could be set aside

  11. Justinian Code • 528 A.D. Emperor Justinian ordered the compilation of all Roman laws since the earlier code • Consisted of four works: The Code - 5,000 Roman laws, The Digest - summary of legal opinions, The Institutes - textbook for law students, The Novollae - containedlaws passed after 534

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