Development of Western Thought & the Rise of Democratic Ideals

1. Development of Western Thought & the Rise of Democratic Ideals • Democratic Development in England: The Glorious Revolution • Essential Question: How does the Glorious Revolution contribute to modern Ideas of democracy?

2. Essential Questions: • How have people worked to gain individual rights and liberties? • Why are individual liberties essential for citizens? • What dramatic principles have developed over time? • How does a government gain the legitimate right to rule?

3. Please Analyze the following Picture…

5. Feudalism • Provided a sense of security in the face of social and political turmoil

6. Divine Right of Kings • Power comes directly from God • Accountable to God not citizens • Absolute monarchs

7. English Common Law • Established By Henry II 1154 • King could not write new laws, but had to follow accepted customs • Henry II found ways to expand customs into laws • Legal system based on custom & court rulings • Standardized laws and punishments

8. Magna Carta 1215 • Forced king John to accept • Protections for the common man • Freedom from arrest, imprisonment • Due Process • Nobles had certain rights—later extended to all English citizens • Monarchs had to obey the laws

9. Parliament • Great Council • Nobles & Clergy met at the House of Lords • Knights & Middle-Class citizens met at the House of Commons • Could approve new taxes—checked and limited the power of the monarch

10. The Tudors

11. Tudor Dynasty 1485-1603 • Had good relations with Parliament • Henry VIII broke with the Catholic Church-Established the Church of England • Elizabeth I died in 1603 without an heir

12. The StuartsJames I Charles I

13. Stuarts were the Scottish relatives of the Tudors • James I agreed to rule according to English laws and customs but behaved like absolute monarch

14. Clashed with Parliament • Sent them home in 1611 & 1614 • Charles I becomes king • 1640-1653-Charles I summoned Parliament and they revolted • Demanded the execution of the King’s chief ministers • Charles sent troops to Parliament

15. The English Civil War • 1642-1649 • Between Charles I & Parliament • Wealthy nobles support the King • Rural landowners, manufactures, Puritan clergy support Parliament • Oliver Cromwell’s army defeated the King

16. Cromwell

17. Parliament set up a court to try the king • King was executed as a traitor • First time a sitting monarch had been tried and executed by his own people

18. The Commonwealth • House of Commons abolished the Monarchy the House of Lords, and the Church of England • Declared England a Republic • Oliver Cromwell is in charge and installs a military dictatorship

19. Puritan Rule • Exiled Catholics • Cromwell dies in 1658 • 1660 a newly elected Parliament restored the monarchy by inviting Charles’s son to rule

20. The Stuarts AgainCharles II

21. Charles II • Absolute Monarch • Had Catholic sympathies • Accepted the Petition of Right & effectively dealt with Parliament

22. James II

23. Inherited the throne in 1685 • Flaunted his Catholic faith • Ignored Parliament and Laws • English Protestants fear James II will restore the Catholic Church

24. William & Mary

25. 1688 Parliament invited James’s Protestant daughter Mary & her Dutch husband William III of Orange to become rulers of England • As they arrive James II fled to France • This is know as a bloodless or glorious revolution

26. Significance • Limited Monarchy: Constitution or legislative body limits the monarchs power. • Destroyed divine right theory • King serves by the grace of Parliament not God

27. The English Bill of Rights • The king or queen could not cancel laws or impose taxes unless Parliament agreed. • Free elections • No excessive fines • No cruel punishments • Habeas Corpus • Right to bring complaints in front of the king or queen • Parliament meet frequently • Government would be based on laws and the rights of its citizens, not the authority of a single ruler