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Gastro Intestinal Tract Infections

Gastro Intestinal Tract Infections. Overview. World wide , diarrheal diseases are the 2 nd leading cause of death. 4 – 6 million children die each year from diarrheal diseases (developing countries in Asia & Africa). Host Factors favouring GIT infections. Acidity. Peristalsis. Mucus layer.

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Gastro Intestinal Tract Infections

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  1. Gastro Intestinal Tract Infections Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  2. Overview World wide , diarrheal diseases are the 2nd leading cause of death 4 – 6 million children die each year from diarrheal diseases (developing countries in Asia & Africa) Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  3. Host Factors favouring GIT infections Acidity Peristalsis Mucus layer Normal flora Secretory IgA Feco-oral route Personal hygiene & age Pseudomembranous colitis Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  4. Mechanisms causing GIT infection Toxin production Enterotoxin Vibrio cholerae / NCV Enterotoxigenic E coli Clostridium difficile (toxin A) Campylobacter jejuni Cytotoxin Shigella spp Enterohemorrhagic E coli Clostridium difficile (toxin B) Neurotoxin Clostridium botulinum Staphylococcus aureus Bacillus cerues Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  5. Mechanisms causing GIT infection Attachment to mucosal cells Entero pathogenic E coli Cryptosporidium parvum Isospora belli Rota virus Hepatitis A Norwalk virus Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  6. Mechanisms causing GIT infection Invasion Shigella spp Enteroinvasive E coli Yersinia entero colitica Entamoeba histolytica Balantidium coli Norwalk virus Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  7. Lab Diagnosis of GITI Specimens Stool / feces Rectal swab Duodenal aspirate Specimens must be delivered to lab within 1 hr Delay of > 2 hr anticipated use transport medium (Cary-Blair TM) Rectal swab in Stuart’s transport or viral TM stored in refrigerated if delay > 2 hrs Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  8. Lab Diagnosis of GITI Direct wet mount Ova & parasites Fecal leukocytes Gram stain Campylobacter Vibrio Modified Acid fast Cryptosporidium Isospora Parasites Trichrome Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  9. Lab Diagnosis of GITI Antigen detection test Giardiasis Fluorescent antibody stain Cryptosporidiosis E coli 0157:H7 ELISA / LA Rota virus Cryptosporidium Giardia Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  10. Lab Diagnosis of GITI Culture BA / MAC / XLD / SS / TCBS / Selenite F broth Identification tests Antibiotic susceptibility test Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

  11. Lab Diagnosis of GITI Report & Interpretations Simple diarrhea Antibiotic rarely beneficial Antibiotics indicated if evidence of invasion C difficile: stop antibiotics and start on metro / vanco Isolation of pathogens in stool samples must be notified to public health authority Dr B V Navaneeth, Dept of Microbiology

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