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Chemical Energy and ATP

Learn about how energy in glucose is converted into ATP, the role of adenosine triphosphate in storing energy for work, and the process of breaking down food molecules to create ATP for cellular functions. Understand the differences between ADP and ATP, the significance of digestion in ATP production, and the diverse sources of energy on Earth, from sunlight to chemosynthesis. Dive into the world of cellular energy storage and utilization with this comprehensive guide.

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Chemical Energy and ATP

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  1. Chemical Energy and ATP

  2. Energy and ATP • Energy in glucose is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds

  3. Energy and ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE • Energy in glucose is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds • Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off • 3rd bond unstable…easily broken • ADP left over P P ENERGY P

  4. Energy and ATP ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE P ENERGY • Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds • Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off • 3rd bond unstable…easily broken • ADP left over • ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group P P P

  5. Energy and ATP • Energy in glucose & lipids is converted into ATP • Adenosine triphosphate • Energy for work is stored in ATP bonds • Energy released when 3rd phosphate is broken off • 3rd bond unstable…easily broken • ADP left over • ATP recreated with the addition of another phosphate group

  6. Digestion Simple sugar • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules Simple sugar Simple sugar ATP ATP ATP ATP Complex sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar Simple sugar

  7. Digestion • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules • Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP • 1 glucose = 36 ATP 36 ATP

  8. Digestion • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules • Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP • 1 glucose = 36 ATP • Lipids • 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP 146 ATP

  9. Digestion • Purpose: Break food into useable molecules to create ATP • High calorie foods will produce more ATP molecules • Carbohydrates commonly used to make ATP • 1 glucose = 36 ATP • Lipids • 1 triglyceride = 146 ATP • Proteins less likely to be broken into ATP • Amino acids are needed for other processes

  10. Energy on Earth • Most life relies on sunlight directly or indirectly • Directly: Plants • Indirectly: Animals • Exceptions: Chemotrophs • Hydrothermal vents release chemicals called sulfides • Unique bacteria feed on the sulfides to make ATP (chemosynthesis) sulfides sulfides

  11. Recap • Where is the energy of ATP stored? • How is ADP and ATP different? • What’s the purpose of digestion? • How much ATP is created by a molecule of glucose? • How is chemosynthesis and photosynthesis similar? Different?

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