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APUSH: Market Revolution 1815-1840

APUSH: Market Revolution 1815-1840. Mr. Weber Room 217. Activator. Chapter 9 reading test: 15 minutes 1. What were the major social effects of the market revolution? 2. What revolutionary changes did American slavery undergo during this period?

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APUSH: Market Revolution 1815-1840

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  1. APUSH: Market Revolution 1815-1840 Mr. Weber Room 217

  2. Activator • Chapter 9 reading test: 15 minutes • 1. What were the major social effects of the market revolution? • 2. What revolutionary changes did American slavery undergo during this period? • 3. What role did immigration play in the market revolution? • 4. How does the Second Great Awakening relate to the market revolution?

  3. Agenda • Activator, agenda, and objective (20 minutes) • Benchmark study strategy: matching game (30 minutes) • The Market Revolution lecture (30 minutes) • Teaching each other our DBQs (30 minutes) • Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)

  4. Objective • AP Topic #6. Transformation of the Economy and Society in Antebellum America • The transportation revolution and creation of a national market economy • Beginnings of industrialization and changes in social and class structures • Immigration and nativist reaction • Planters, yeoman farmers, and slaves in the cotton South

  5. Benchmark Review: Matching • In teams of two. • Match the key term/event in bold with the appropriate definition or phrase. • You may use your notes and the book but time is of the essence. • First team finished will receive extra credit on the exam.

  6. Matching

  7. The Market Revolution • The New Economy • Roads and steamboats • Improvements in transportation lowered costs and linked farmers to markets. • Improved water transportation most dramatically increased the speed and lowered the expense of commerce.

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  10. Transportation and Communication • The Erie Canal • Completed in 1825 and made NYC a major trading port. • State-funded canal as example for funding for internal improvements. • Railroads and Telegraphs • Railroads opened the frontier to settlement • Telegraph introduced a communication revolution • Improvements in transportation and communication made possible the rise of the West. • People traveled in groups to clear land and establish communities. • Squatters set up farms on unoccupied land.

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  14. The Cotton Kingdom • The market revolution and westward expansion heightened the nation’s sectional divisions. • Rise of cotton production came with Eli Whitney’s cotton gin. • The cotton gin revolutionized American slavery. • Historians estimate that around 1 million slaves were shifted old slave states to deep south between 1800-1860 • Slave trading became organized business.

  15. Ch. 9, Image 10

  16. The Market Society • Commercial farmers • The Norwest became a region with an integrated economy of commercial farms and manufacturing cities. • Farmers grew crops and raised livestock for sale. • The cities in the East provided credit and a market. • New technologies: • Steel plow • Reaper

  17. Ch. 9, Image 13

  18. The Factory System • Samuel Slater establishes first factory in 1790 • First large scale factories in 1814 in Waltham, Mass. Then Lowell, Mass. • Nature of work shifted from skilled artisan to that of factory worker. • Mass production of interchangeable parts assembled into standardized products. • New England textile mills relied primarily on female and child labor. • South lagged behind the North in terms of factory production.

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  23. Growth of Immigration • Economic expansion fueled demand for labor • German and Irish settled primarily in Northern cities. • Reasons for migration (push and pull factors) • Filled mainly low-wage unskilled jobs

  24. Nativism • Racist reaction to immigration • Response to growing Catholic presence (Irish) • Nativists blamed immigrants for: • Urban crime • Political corruption • Alcohol abuse • Undercutting wages

  25. Individualism • Freedom linked to availability of land (Manifest Destiny) • National myth and ideology surrounding the “West” • Transcendentalists responded to competitive materialists individualism of emergent capitalism with idea of self-realization through which individuals remake themselves and their own lives • Ralph Emerson (“Self-Reliance”)

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  28. The Second Great Awakening • Added religious element to celebration of individual self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination. • Charles Grandison Finney became a national celebrity for his preaching in upstate N.Y. • Democratized Christianity • Promoted doctrine of human free will • Used opportunities of market revolution to spread their message

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  30. Limits of Prosperity • Opportunities for the “self-made man” • Jacob Astor and Heratio Alger • Market revolution produced a new middle class. • Barred from schools and other public facilities most free African Americans and women were excluded from economic opportunities.

  31. Cult of Domesticity • New definition of femininity emerged based on values of love, friendship, and mutual obligation • Virtue became personal moral quality • Women should find freedom fulfilling their duties in their sphere

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  33. Early Labor Movement • Some felt that the market revolution reduced their freedom • Economic swings widened gap between rich and poor • First workingman’s parties est. 1820s • Strikes were common by the 1830s • Wage-earners evoked “liberty” when calling for improvements in the workplace • Some described wage labor as slavery: “wage slaves”

  34. Ch. 9, Image 31

  35. Sharing our DBQs • Form a reading group and share out your DBQ’s from the “securing the republic,” 1790-1815, period. • Take notes and ask questions for clarification.

  36. Voices of Freedom • Pick a quote from Emerson’s “The American Scholar” and explicate it. • Pick a second quote from Orestes Brownson’s “The Laboring Classes” and explicate it. • Prepare to share your quotes and explanations on Thursday in class.

  37. Exit ticket and homework • 1. How was it to read the chapter before hearing lecture about it? • Homework: • Explicate 2 quotes from the Voices of Freedom for Thursday. • Benchmark Thursday. • Begin reading Chapter 10 on Democracy in America 1815-1840 for next Tuesday. • Prepare for Friday’s debate on Jacksonian Democracy

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