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Learning Theories

Learning Theories. By: Antonio Zubieta. Cognitivism and Behaviorism. Are two types of theories that have influenced and changed the way learning and thinking have been examined by professionals. Cognitivism. Theory that explains human behavior by understanding the thought process

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Learning Theories

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  1. Learning Theories By: Antonio Zubieta

  2. Cognitivism and Behaviorism • Are two types of theories that have influenced and changed the way learning and thinking have been examined by professionals.

  3. Cognitivism • Theory that explains human behavior by understanding the thought process • Answers how and why people learn • Examines the cognitive activity that occurs in the mind during learning

  4. John Dewey 1859-1952 • American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer from Burlington, Vermont • Graduated from University of Vermont in 1879 • Received PhD from John Hopkins University in 1894 • He is identified as one of the leaders of modern sciences for his ideas of cognitivism.

  5. John Dewey’s Ideas • That individuals do not know how to benefit from their learning experiences • Education can be designed on the basis of a theory of experience. • In order to achieve effective education we must identify how humans have the experiences they do. • Continuity - humans are susceptible to experience • Interaction -past experiences connect with the present situations and thus it shapes the present experience

  6. Dewey’s Theory • People learn through their past experiences and the current interaction with new experiences • Dewey described learning as the storing of information by the human mind and claimed education should relate to real-life experience • In order for an adult learner to be able to learn how to use PowerPoint, the learner will utilize the past experiences with Microsoft programs and combine it with the current interaction of the new material. Thus, the learner is able to comprehend through his or her learning style.

  7. Effectiveness of Dewey’s Theory • Theory is beneficial to allow learners to apply their previous experiences • It’s a student centered approach that allows combining all acquired information • More experience and better effective results

  8. Behaviorism • Study of the human behavior • Theory that explains how learning is a result of experience • Behavior is not determine by a complex physiological thought process, but to the response of a different stimuli

  9. Edwin Ray Guthrie 1886 - 1959 • American psychologist from Lincoln, Nebraska • Bachelors and Masters degree from University of Nebraska • Received doctorates degree from University of Pennsylvania • Great contributions to the psychology and implementing his learning fundamentals to understand the everyday behavior

  10. Guthrie's Theory • All learning is based on a stimulus response association • Learning does not require reinforcement for it to occur • Examines behavior in terms of movements instead of responses • A learned behavior is a series of movements that with time develop into an act

  11. Guthrie’s Behavioral Theory • Learning is associated with a series of stimulus and responses • If learner encounter a stimulus he has encountered in the past, the learner will choose the best response based on what was received from the previous encounter • lower skills become the learner’s past experiences and higher level skills become the new stimuli that he learner will have to respond to

  12. Effectiveness of Guthrie’s Theory • This theory does not work for every learning situation where new material is being taught • If the adult learner is trying to learn how to use PowerPoint software the learner will have to change his or her behavior according to the instructor’s knowledge, pace, interests or teaching style. • In this situations learning is based in teacher-centered instructions, and as a result this theory demonstrates not to be so effective

  13. Free GED Education for Adults • Guthrie’s behavioral theory allows the adult learner to complete the course at the their own pace and interest • Dewey’s cognitive theory is beneficial for this program because it enforces the use of past experiences as a type of reinforcement • Dewey’s theory is a better approach for this adult education program because it utilizes their previous knowledge to acquire their GED certification.

  14. Cognitivism and Behaviorism • Cognitivism and Behaviorism theories have their strengths and weaknesses • To achieve the most effectiveness, instructions must be adapted to fit the needs of the learner in a way that is most beneficial.

  15. References • Ecker, P.(2003,June15). John Dewey: A Brief Dewey Biography. Retrieved (2010, Oct 3) from http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/dewey/dewey.html • Sheffield, F.(1959, Dec). Edwin Ray Guthrie 1886: 1959. The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 72, No. 4. Retrieved (2010, Oct 5) from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1419522 • Brown, A, & Green, T.D. (2006). The essentials of instructional design. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.

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