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Punic Wars

Punic Wars. Who fought?. Rome vs. Carthage A series of three wars that span from 264 BC- 164 BC First Punic War Second Punic War Third Punic War. Carthage. Phoenician settlers from the Mediterranean island of Tyre settle Carthage “Punic” is the Latin word for Phoenician

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Punic Wars

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  1. Punic Wars

  2. Who fought? • Rome vs. Carthage • A series of three wars that span from 264 BC- 164 BC • First Punic War • Second Punic War • Third Punic War

  3. Carthage • Phoenician settlers from the Mediterranean island of Tyre settle Carthage • “Punic” is the Latin word for Phoenician • Carthage was the wealthiest and most advanced city in the region at this time • Carthage was the leading naval power in the Mediterranean Sea at this time • It is located in North Africa

  4. Reasons for the Wars • Mythical- Aeneas leaving Dido, who was from Carthage, made it so Rome and Carthage were destined to fight • Actual- • Fight over control of the island of Sicily for its food production • Fight over control of the Mediterranean Sea for its trade

  5. First Punic War • Two smaller cities Syracuse and Messina started to fight • Rome supported Messina and Carthage Syracuse, which led to the two larger nations fighting • Rome built up its navy for 20 years so they could attack Carthage winning some crucial land and sea victories • Rome tries to invade North Africa but fails • HamilcarBarca leads Carthage as general

  6. Results • Rome wins the war • Rome gains control of the islands of Sicily and Corsica • Carthage’s legendary naval superiority ends

  7. Hannibal Barca • He had a hatred for Rome that was taught to him by his father • He vows as a boy by an oath to the gods to destroy Rome • He is the most famous of the generals of Carthage • Until the fall of Rome no one will come closer to conquering Rome than Hannibal

  8. Second Punic War • This is the most famous of the Punic Wars • Hannibal attacks Rome with 90,000 troops, 12,000 cavalry, and elephants • He crosses the Alps which many thought was impossible to do • He attacks Rome and has major victories until the citizens of Rome come together to defend the city • Rome counters with an attack on North Africa forcing Hannibal to defend Carthage

  9. Third Punic War • Cato, a senator, convinces the Roman people to attack Carthage • Carthage holds out for two years until the city is finally conquered • Scipio the Elder leads the attack and is later named Scipio Africanus because of this war

  10. Punishment • Rome decides to punish Carthage for the wars • They burn the city completely to the ground • They sell the 50,000 survivors of the battle into slavery • They put salt in the land so crops could never grow again • Rome becomes the most powerful country and gains control of the Mediterranean Sea

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