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Radio

Radio. Technology Development. Samuel Morse- Electromagnet and telegraph Heinrich Hertz- Radio waves Guglielmo Marconi- Wireless telegraph Voice over the Air Reginald Fessenden- transmitted voice and record over air Lee De Forest- audion tube (amplified signal and more portable)

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Radio

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  1. Radio

  2. Technology Development • Samuel Morse- Electromagnet and telegraph • Heinrich Hertz- Radio waves • Guglielmo Marconi- Wireless telegraph • Voice over the Air • Reginald Fessenden- transmitted voice and record over air • Lee De Forest- audion tube (amplified signal and more portable) • Experimenters and hobbits start transmitting

  3. Radio Becomes a Mass Media • 1916, Sarnoff memo at American Marconi (Radio Music Box) • Scheduled Broadcasts- KDKA in Pittsburgh (Frank Conrad/Westinghouse) • Chaos in the air- by 1923, 600 licenses • Major interference • Radio Act of 1912 no criteria for licenses

  4. Regulating Broadcasting • Why regulate broadcasting? • 1903 Berlin Radio Conference • Radio Act of 1912 (Sec. of Commerce) • Radio Act of 1927 (Federal Radio Com.) • Federal Communications Act of 1934 (FCC) • Telecommunications Act of 1996

  5. Federal Communications Commission • Public Airwaves • Federally Licensed • Public File • Media\FCCsong.wmv K W

  6. Economics- How to pay for this? • Government operation • Subscription service • Leasing- common carrier • Endowment • Advertising- WEAF in NY

  7. Mass Media • Early 20’s- start of marketing home receivers and by 1930 there were 14 million. • 1921 RCA and Sarnoff start NBC • CBS soon followed • In a single decade, radio is transformed from a long distance signal devices to a medium to serve the entire nation. • The depression and WWII free entertainment

  8. Challenge of TV • Radio adapts- Birth of the DJ • Public Broadcasting • 1967 Public Broadcasting Act (CPB) • Growth of FM • Developed by Edwin Armstrong • AM almost died, but turned to Talk

  9. Radio Today • 13,800 radio stations • 96% of population over 12 listens every week ( TV 90%, Paper 76%) • Inexpensive advertising (10-11% ad $) • Satellite Radio- Jan-Mar 2005- 540,000 new subscribers • Group Ownership

  10. eMarketer Satellite Radio Report

  11. Ownership Numbers • Clear Channel Communications- 1,194 • Cumulus Broadcasting Inc.- 305 • Citadel Broadcasting Corp.- 220 • Infinity Broadcasting- 183 • Educational Media Foundation- 118

  12. Organizational Structure

  13. Goldstein, S. (2001, Winter) A report from the programming department. Feedback. Broadcast Education Association.

  14. What Radio Formats People Listen To, 2002 Source: Arbitron ’Radio Today’ annual report

  15. Radio Programming-Dayparts • Morning Drive 6-9 • Midday 9-2 • Afternoon Drive 2-6 • Night 6-12 • Overnight 12-6

  16. Radio Programming- Hot Clock

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