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RADIO. Early history of radio. Multiple technical contributors Marconi, Stubblefield, Hertz, et al. 1901 transmission of messages across Atlantic Senders and receivers could be anywhere 1906 brought the transmission of voice. Radio Early Networks. NBC: First network 1926
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Early history of radio • Multiple technical contributors • Marconi, Stubblefield, Hertz, et al. • 1901 transmission of messages across Atlantic • Senders and receivers could be anywhere • 1906 brought the transmission of voice
RadioEarly Networks • NBC: First network 1926 • Driving force: David Sarnoff • CBS: Created 1927 from United Independent Broadcasters network • Driving force: William Paley • ABC: Created 1943 • From secondary NBC network • MUTUAL: Created 1934 • To serve independent stations
Post WWI “Golden Age” • Huge numbers of kits were sold (crystal sets) • KDKA in Pittsburgh first station • Radio drew upon Vaudeville for its content initially
Radio after television • Changed from a dominant national medium to a very splintered, regional medium • Programming became mostly music • Radio’s shows went to television • Guiding Light, Jack Benny, etc.
Technical aspects of radio • AM • Follows the curvature of the earth, can bounce around the atmosphere • Does not have the sound quality • FM • “Line of Sight” • Higher sound quality • Now accounts for most US radio stations
Contemporary radio • Diversity • Radio has developed into a very wide-ranging group of stations • Profitability • Because of diversity, advertisers reach specialized audiences without the costs of larger numbers
Contemporary radio • Portability • Radio can go anywhere • Penetration • Radio’s portability gives it the highest penetration of any mass medium • Car, home, beach, mountains, office
Country News/talk Religion Adult contemporary Oldies Top 40 Middle of the road (MOR) Album-oriented rock Alternative Rock Spanish Urban/Black Classic Rock Easy Listening Jazz Classical Radio formats
Importance As Medium • Opinion • News • Entertainment • Advertising
Commercial State-Run Public Educational Institution Community Special Interest Shortwave Pirate Radio Station Types
Digital broadcasting • Newer technologies may provide for a return to AM dominance because of digitization • Won’t have a sound quality problem • Satellite-based programming
Today’s Market Structure • Radio Station Organization • General Manager • Programming Department • Sales Department • Engineering Department • Traffic Manager • Promotions Department • Who Owns Radio?
Audience Demand in Radio Markets • Consumer Market • Demand for Music • Demand for News and Talk • Advertising Market
Supplying the Audience’s Demand • The Public Radio System • Commercial Radio News • Talk Radio