Structure of Flowering Plants

1. Structure of Flowering Plants

2. You need to know details on… 1. Structure & function of root and shoot systems 2.Root zonations and all outer stem parts 3.Meristem function / location in root & shoot 4. Location of 3 tissue types in transverse and long sections of root and stem 5.Xylem & Phloem structure and function 6.Distinguish between Moncots and Dicots 7. Mandatory Activity….TS Dicot stem

3. Objectives 1Label a diagram of the external parts of a typical flowering plant Shoot, root, stem, leaves, flower, fruit, seed. 2 State the function of the root and shoot 3 Identify tap and fibrous root systems • Explain the term Meristem and give its location in the stem and root • Name and give the function of four zones in a longitudinal section of a root

4. State the function of Vascular Tissue • Give the location of three tissue types, Dermal, Ground and Vascular, in transverse sections of the of the root and stem and leaf • Give the location of three tissue types, Dermal, Ground and Vascular, in longitudinal sections of the root and stem. 9 Identify and draw the structure of Xylem and Phloem and state their function  10 Distinguish between Xylem Vessels and Xylem tracheids, and between Phloem Sieve Tube Cells and Companion Cells

5. 11. Identify Monocots and Dicots under the Headings: Number of flower parts Vein pattern in leaf Arrangement of Vascular Bundles Number of Cotyledons in the seed Woody or Herbaceous 12. Mandatory Practical: Prepare and examine a transverse section of a Dicot stem under the microscope

6. What Flowering Plant typically have: 1. Transport (Vascular) Structures 2. Roots 3. Stems 4. Leafs 5. Flowers 6. Fruits & Seeds

7. External Structure of Flowering Plants Over ground shoot system Under ground root system

8. Label Diagram of flowering plant

9. Root Types 1. Tap Roots One main root growingfrom the radicle eg Carrot 2. Fibrous Roots Many equal sized roots arising from stem base eg grass 3. Adventitious Roots Roots that do not develop from the radicle. E.g. gripping roots of ivy.

10. Root Functions 1. Anchor plant in the ground 2. Absorb Water 3. Absorb minerals 4. Transport absorbed materials to shoot 5. Store food

11. Meristem An area of active cell division Apical meristems are found at the tip of the shoot and tip of the root and give an increase in length Lateral meristems are found around the edges of some plants and give an ìncrease in width

12. Four Root Zones Differentiation Zone Elongation Zone Meristematic Zone Protection Zone

13. Root Zones Differentiation Zone Here cells develop into 3 different types of tissue 1. Dermal tissue 2. Ground Tissue 3. Vascular tissue

14. Root Zones Elongation Zone Here cells increase in size

15. Root Zones Meristematic Zone Here new cells are produced by mitosis divisions

16. Root Zones Protection Zone A root cap protects the cells as the root pushes through the soil

17. Quiz 1. Name the two types of root system 2. Explain the term Meristem 3. Name the four zones in a root 4. What is the function of the root cap ?

18. Tissue location in the root (transverse section) Dermal Tissue Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

19. Tissue location in the root(transverse section) Dermal Tissue Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

20. Tissue location in the root(transverse section)(Center part of root) Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

21. Tissue location in the root (Longitudinal section) Dermal Tissue Ground Tissue Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue Dermal Tissue

22. Stem Functions 1. Support the arial parts of the plant 2. Transport water and minerals from roots to leafs 3. Transport food from leafs to roots 4. Sometimes store food

23. Function of outer stem parts Terminal Bud Increase stem length Lateral Bud Grow side branches Lenticels Gas exchange

24. A= Terminal Bud B= Leaf Scar Year3 C= Scale Scar Year2 D= Lateral Bud Year1 Lenticels

25. Tissue location in stem(Transverse section) Dermal Tissue Xylem Vascular Tissue Phloem Ground Tissue

26. Tissue location in stem( Longitudinal section) Dermal Ground Vascular Ground Vascular Ground Dermal

27. Learning Check 2 ….. Label the diagram

28. Leaf parts Some leaves do not have a petiole(They are called sessile leaves) Veins contain the vascular tissue

29. Leaf Functions 1. Photosynthesis 2. Transpiration 3. Gas exchange 4. Sometimes store food

30. Tissue Location in the Leaf Dermal Tissue Ground Tissue Vascular Tissue Dermal Tissue

31. Flower Function Sexual Reproduction

32. Transport water • Transport minerals Transportfood Vascular Tissue 1. Xylem Function 2. Phloem Function

33. Xylem Structure….Two types of Cell Xylem Tracheids Xylem Vessels On maturity both are dead, hollow and contain no cytoplasm Found in conifers Found in deciduous trees

34. Xylem Tracheid Structure Long cells tapered at both ends Pits in the walls – allow water andminerals to move sideways from cell to cell Walls thickened with lignin for support

35. Xylem Vessels Structure Elongated cells Spiral lignin for strength No end walls – form a continuous tube Pits to allow sideways movement of water

36. 1. Sieve tube cells 2 Companion Cells Phloem Structure Mature cells have no nucleus Sieve plates Nucleus controls activities ofboth companion and sieve tube cell Cytoplasm extendsfrom cell to cell through thesieve plate

37. Phloem Longitudinal and Transverse sections

38. Example of Monocot and Dicot Dicot Monocot Buttercup Grass

39. Differences between Monocots & Dicots

40. Identification of Monocots & Dicots

41. Learning Check 3 1. State two functions of a leaf 2. Distinguish between xylem vessels and xylem tracheids 3. What is the role of the companion cell in phloem tissue 4. How is a transverse section of a monocot stem different to the TS od a Dicot stem ?

42. End