Morphology of Flowering Plants

1. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY Morphology of Flowering Plants Morphology of Flowering Plants  EXERCISE 1.Describe various parts of an angiospermic plant with a well labelled diagram. 2.Describe different modifications of root with suitable examples. 3.Describe the underground modifications of stem. 4.What is aestivation? Describe various types of aestivation. 5.Give a brief account of various types of fruits. 6.Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy. Give significance of phyllotaxy. 7.Classify meristems on the basis of their position in plant body and describe the different types. OR Give the classification of meristem according to its position. OR State the location and function of different types of meristems. OR 8.Describe various types of vascular bundles. 9.Give a brief account of water conducting tissue of higher plants. OR Describe the structure of xylem. 10.Sketch, label and describe T.S. of Typical dicot stem. OR With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe T.S. of dicot stem (sunflower). 11.Differentiate between root and stem. 12.What is phyllotaxy? Give its significance. 13.“Potato is a stem and sweet potato is a root” Justify the statement. 14.Differentiate between actinomorphic and zygomorphic flower. 15.Describe the structure of a typical fruit. 16.Describe racemose type of inflorescence. 17.Describe different types of placentation. 18.Describe vexillary aestivation with a suitable example. 19.Describe the first accessory whorl of the flower. 20.What are true and false fruits ? Explain with examples. 21.Write a note on aggregate fruits. 22.Sketch and lable V.S of mango fruit. 23.Describe sclerenchyma fibres. OR With a suitable diagram describe Sclerenchyma. Add a note on its occurrence and types. Also explain its functions. 24.Describe the living tissue that gives flexible mechanical strength. OR 25.Write a short note on collenchyma. F.Y.J.C. Science 24 Morphology of Flowering Plants

2. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 26.Enlist characteristics of meristematic tissues. OR Give the characteristics of meristematic tissues. 27.Describe parenchyma in detail. OR Write a note on parenchyma. 28.Sketch and label T.S. of phloem tissue. 29.Write short notes on: a.Pneumatophore b. Stilt roots c. Phylloclade d. Bulbil e. Leaf tendril 30.Enlist various symbols used in writing floral formula. 31.Give the vegetative and floral characters (two each) of family Fabaceae. 32.Define the following terms: a.Placentation b. Actinomorphic flower c. Zygomorphic flower d. Perigynous flower e. Apocarpous pistil 33.Why stilt roots are present in monocots like maize and jowar ? 34.Why phylloclade of Opuntia is thick and fleshy? 35.What are tendrils ? 36.Why vascular bundles of dicot stem are described as conjoint, collateral and open 37.What is polyarch condition ? 38.What is dorsiventral leaf ? 39.Why concentric bundles are always closed ? 40.What is hard bast ? 41.How is the arrangement of vascular bundles in dicot and monocot stem ? 42.How are the vascular bundles of root ? 43.Which is the most evolved and dominating member of kingdom plantae? 44.How many species of flowering plants are present? 45.Define the following terms. i. Morphology ii. Anatomy 46.Describe various parts of an angiospermic plant with a well labelled diagram. 47.What is root system and shoot system? 48.Give the characteristics of root. 49.Describe various regions of a typical root with the help of a neat labelled diagram. 50.Give normal functions of root. 51.Explain various types of adventitious roots which are modified for mechanical support. 52.Mention the types of root system. 53.Describe tap root or true root system. 54.Describe adventitious or fibrous root system. F.Y.J.C. Science 25 Morphology of Flowering Plants

3. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 55.Differentiate between Tap root system and Adventitious root system. 56.Differentiate between: Fibrous root and Adventitious root. 57.What is modification of roots? Explain the modification of tap roots for storage. 58.Explain the modification of adventitious roots for food storage. 59.Write a note on epiphytic roots. 60.Why epiphytic roots are also called as assimilatory roots? 61.Give an account of roots modified for absorption. OR 62.Write a note on Parasitic roots/Sucking roots/Haustoria. 63.What are the normal functions of root? 64.What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root are found in (A) Banyan tree (B) Turnip (C) Mangrove trees. 65.Define the following terms: i. Stem ii. Bud iii. Apical bud iv. Axillary bud v. Adventitious bud vi. Node vii. Internode 66.Sketch and label a typical stem. 67.What are the primary functions of stem? 68.Write the important characteristics of the stem. 69.Give an account of various types of buds. 70.What are the various modifications shown by stem? 71.Explain various sub-aerial modifications of stem. 72.Describe various aerial modifications of stem. 73.Describe the modifications of stem with suitable examples. 74.What are cladodes? 75.Give the characteristics of leaf. 76.Give an account of various parts of a typical dicot leaf. 77.What is venation? Write its types and add a note on significance of venation. 78.Define simple leaf and Compound leaf. 79.What are the two types of compound leaves? 80.How is pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf? 81.Give an account of leaf spines. 82.Write a note on leaf hook, 83.Write a note on phyllode. 84.How do various leaf modification help plants? 85.Write the primary functions of leaf. 86.Distinguish between phylloclade and phyllode. 87.Define inflorescence and state its types. 88.Explain cymose inflorescence. F.Y.J.C. Science 26 Morphology of Flowering Plants

4. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 89.Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types of inflorescence in flowering plants. 90.Write the significance of inflorescence. 91.Differentiate between racemose and cymose inflorescence. 92.Define flower. Describe structure of a typical flower and mention important functions of each part. OR What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiospermic flower. 93.Explain the classification of flowers based on the position of ovary in the flower or insertion of floral leaves. OR Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus. 94.Write the functions of i. Calyx ii. Corolla 95.What are unisexual and bisexual flowers? 96.What is hermaphrodite flower? 97.Which whorls are essential floral whorls? What functions do they serve? 98.What is adelphy? 99.Write a note on „Adelphy‟ in stamens. 100.Write the structural characteristics of anther. 101.Define syngeny. 102.What is a connective? 103.Define the following terms: i. Aestivation: ii. Placentation: iii. Actinomorphic flower: iv. Zygomorphic flower: v. Superior ovary: vi. Perigynous flower: vii. Apocarpous pistil: viii. Irregular flower/Asymmetrical flower: vii. Epipetalous stamens: viii. Syncarpous gvnoecium: ix. Apocarpous gynoecium: 104.Classify flowers on the basis of symmetry. 105.Differentiate between: Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary. 106.Justify the following statements on the basis of external features: 107.Define fruit. 108.What are parthenocarpic fruits? 109.With suitable diagram give an account of composite or multiple fruits. 110.Define seed 111.Describe the structure of a dicotyledonous seed. OR Draw a labelled diagram of gram seed. 112.Describe the structure of a monocotyledonous seed. OR Draw the labelled diagram of V.S of maize grain. F.Y.J.C. Science 27 Morphology of Flowering Plants

5. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 113.Define floral diagram. 114.In C(5), what does symbol C, number 5 and bracket indicate? 115.Describe the family Fabaceae with suitable floral diagram. OR Take one flower of family Fabaceae and write its essential description. Also draw their floral diagrams after studying them. 116.Give the economic importance of family Fabaceae. 117.Describe the family Solanaceae with suitable floral diagram. OR 118.Take one flower of family Solanaceae and write its essential description. Also draw their floral diagrams after studying them. 119.Give the economic importance of family solanaceae. 120.Describe the family Liliaceae with suitable floral diagram. 121.Give the economic importance of family Liliaceae. 122.Write the floral formula of a actinomorphic, bisexual, hypogynous flower with five united sepals, five free petals, five free stamens and two united carpels with superior ovary and axile placentation. 123.Define the following: 1. Tissue 2. Meristematic tissue: 3. Simple tissues 4. Complex tissues 5. Permanent tissues 6. Aerenchyma 7. Primary xylem 8. Secondary xylem 124.Which is the most important characteristics of meristematic tissue? 125.Give the classification of Meristems on the basis of origin and development. 126.What is the function of inter-calary meristem? 127.Classify meristems on the basis of functions. 128.Give the functions of meristem. 129.Which are complex permanent tissues? 130.Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissue? 131.Write the characteristic features of permanent tissues. 132.What is the function of aerenchyma? 133.Which cells are also called stone cells? 134.Describe the structure of phloem. OR Sketch and label. T.S. of phloem tissue 135.Differentiate between xylem and phloem. 136.In which type of vascular bundle secondary growth can take place? 137.What is concentric vascular bundle? 138.With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the anatomy of a dicot root. 139.With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the T.S. of a monocot root. 140.Distinguish between anatomy of dicot and monocot roots. F.Y.J.C. Science 28 Morphology of Flowering Plants

6. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 141.With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of monocot stem. 142.Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between: a.Monocot root and dicot root b.Monocot stem and dicot stem 143.With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the internal structure of dorsiventral leaf. 144.With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the anatomy of isobilateral leaf. 145.What is the difference between dorsiventral and isobilateral leaf?  MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.Roots are described as adventitious depending upon their (A)anatomy (C) function (B)origin (D) position (aerial or underground) 2.A fibrous root system is best adapted to perform which of the following functions? (A)Storage of food (B)Transport of water and organic food (C)Absorption of water and minerals from (D)Anchorage of the plant into the soil 3.Adventitious roots develop from (A)radicle (B)any part of the plant body except the radicle (C)flower (D)embryo 4.In sweet potato, food is stored in (A)roots (B) stem (C) leaves (D) petiole 5.The root system grow out from the (A)plumule of the embryo (C) embryo of the seed (B)radicle of the embryo (D) all of these 6.The conical root of carrot is a (A)fibrous root (C) adventitious root (B)tap root (D) haustorial root 7.Pneumatophores are found in the plants growing in (A)swamps (B) alpine region (C) foot hills (D) along the river banks 8.When the root is swollen in the middle and tapers at both ends, it will be called as (A)tuberous root (C) conical root (B)fusiform root (D) napiform root F.Y.J.C. Science 29 Morphology of Flowering Plants

7. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 9.A spongy tissue called velamen is present in (A)breathing roots (C) tuberous roots (B)parasitic roots (D) epiphytic roots 10.Pneumatophores are helpful in (A)protein synthesis (C) transpiration (B)respiration (D) carbohydrate metabolism 11.Stilt roots are (A)primary roots (C) secondary roots (B)adventitious roots (D) tap roots 12.Which of the following is not a food storage modification of stem? (A)Stolon (B) Corm (C) Tuber (D) Bulb 13.Total stem parasite is (A)Cuscuta (B) Loranthus (C) Rafflesia (D) Viscum 14.The primary function of stem is (A)to bear and expose leaves to sunlight (B)to anchor the plant in soil (C)to absorb water and mineral salts from the soil (D)to help in vegetative reproduction 15.The stem modified to perform the function of leaf and with many intemodes is called (A)phylloclade (B) cladode (C) offset (D) phyllode 16.Pulvinus leaf base is present in (A)mango (B) jowar (C) banana (D) banyan 17.The axillary buds arise (A)at the end point of stem tip (B)between leaf lamina and stem axis (C)below leaf lamina and stem axis (D)at leaf margins 18.Corm is (A)a horizontal underground stem (B)an underground root (C)an underground vertical stem (D)an aerial stem modification 19.Sweet potato is a modification of (A)leaf (C) tap root (B)adventitious root (D) stem 20.Which one of the following is not related to corm? (A)Nodes (B) Internodes (C) Scaly leaves (D) Tunicates F.Y.J.C. Science 30 Morphology of Flowering Plants

8. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 21.Phylloclade is the modification of (A)leaf (B) stem (C) petiole (D) root 22.The edible portion in a fresh onion comprises (A)leaf bases (C) swollen stem (B)buds and leaf bases (D) disc-like stem 23.A rhizome differs from corm in its (A)thickness (C) direction of growth (B)basic organization (D) nature of leaves 24.The tendrils of sweet pea plant are modified (A)axillary buds (C) terminal leaflets of a compound leaf (B)stipules (D) aerial roots 25.In which of the following the stem is very much reduced? (A)Bulb (B) Rhizome (C) Corm (D) Phylloclade 26.Eyes in potato tubers represent (A)scars (B) internodes (C) root bases (D) nodes with buds 27.Cladode is the characteristic morphological feature of (A)Asparagus (B) Opuntia (C) Cactus (D) Citrus 28.Modification of petiole into leaf-like structure is called (A)cladode (B)phylloclade (C) phyllode (D) diode 29.The leaves without petiole are called (A)sessile (B) petiolate (C) rachis (D) lamina 30.Flower is best defined as a (A)modified gametophyte (C) vegetative propagule (B)modified shoot (D) modified sporophyll 31.When sepals fall just after opening of the flower, they are termed as (A)persistent (B) caduceus (C) remnant (D) deciduous 32.An important function of flower is (A)secretion of nectar (C) production of offsprings (B)insect pollination (D) aesthetic 33.Non-essential floral parts are (A)corolla and calyx (C) calyx and gynoecium (B)corolla and carpel (D) androecuim and gynoecium. 34.Leaf apex is modified into tendril in (A)Gloriosa (B) Pea (C) Smilax (D) Lathyrus 35.The venation pattern in mango is (A)reticulate unicostate (C) reticulate multicostate (B)parallel unicostate (D) parallel multicostate F.Y.J.C. Science 31 Morphology of Flowering Plants

9. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 36.In a raceme, the flowers are (A)arranged in a basipetal succession (B)arranged in an aeropetal succession (C)of separate sexes (D)of same sex 37.One of the following is characteristic of cymose inflorescence (A)Centripetal opening of flowers (C) Acropetal succession of flowers (B)Basipetal succession of flowers (D) Simultaneous opening of flowers 38.Racemose inflorescence is found in (A)Jasmine (B) Rose (C) China rose (D) Caesalpinia 39.The axis of the inflorescence is known as (A)Thalamus (B) Peduncle (C) Pedicel (D) Petiole 40.If the penduncle shows indeterminate or indefinite growth producing flowers laterally in an acropetal order i.e., youngest near the apex and older near the base of the inflorescence is (A)racemose (B) cymose (C) mixed (D) specialised 41.When the gynoecium is present at the topmost position of the thalamus, the flower is known as (A)inferior (B) epigynous (C) perigynous (D) hypogynous 42.When the flower is hypogynous, the ovary is said to be (A)inferior (B) superior (C) semi-inferior (D) semi-superior 43.If the ovary is situated at the centre of remaining three whorls is, then it is known as (A)perigynous (B) epigynous (C) hypogynous (D) actinomorphic 44.The part of the seed which forms the shoot at the time of germination is called (A)plumule (B) radicle (C) epicotyl (D) hypocotyl 45.The most characteristic feature of basal placentation is (A)single ovule (C) multilocular condition (B)bilocular condition (D) presence of central axis 46.The mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem and the branch is known as (A)vernalization (B) venation (C) venation (D) phyllotaxy 47.Which one of the following is not a fruit? (A)Tomato (B) Cucumber (C) Pumpkin (D) Potato 48.Pineapple is an example of (A)simple dry fruit (C) aggregate fruit (B)composite fruit (D) simple-fleshy fruit 49.Find the odd one out. (A)alternate (B) whorled (C) marginal (D) opposite F.Y.J.C. Science 32 Morphology of Flowering Plants

10. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 50.If the margins, sepals and petals do not overlap but they just touch each other, it is described as (A)vexillary (B) valvate (C) imbricate (D) contorted 51.In cucumber, the edible part is (A)mesocarp (C) pericarp and thalamus (B)endocarp (D) pericarp, placenta and seeds 52.Papilionaceous corolla is the characteristic feature of ___________ family. (A)Solanaceae (B) Fabaceae (C) Liliaceae (D) Malvaceae. 53.Brinjal belongs to family (A)Liliaceae (B) Fabaceae (C) Malvaceae (D) Solanaceae 54.__________ family is the characteristic representative of monocotyledonous plants. (A)Solanaceae (B) Fabaceae (C) Malvaceae (D) Liliaceae 55.Meristematic tissues are found in (A)only stems of the plants (C) in all growing tips of the plant body (B)both roots and stems (D) only roots of the plants 56.Outer seed coat is called (A)testa (B) tegmen (C) raphe (D) micropyle 57.Fibres associated with phloem are called as (A)intraxyllary (C) bast fibers (B)sclerenchyma fibres (D) cortical fibres 58.Most active cell divisions occur in cells of (A)xylem (C) apical meristem (B)phloem (D) sclerenchyma 59.Meristematic cells contain (A)thin homogenous cell wall (C) large nuclei (B)dense cytoplasm (D) all of these 60.Primary tissues of a plant (A)add to the length of roots and shoots (B)add to the diameter of existing roots and shoots (C)are only in the embryo (D)are only in the seedling 61.Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma in (A)retaining protoplasm at maturity (B)having thick walls (C)having inside lumen (D)being dead F.Y.J.C. Science 33 Morphology of Flowering Plants

11. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 62.Generally, plant cell wall is made up of (A)cellulose and pectin (C) chitin (B)only cellulose (D) murein 63.The characteristic feature of meristematic tissue is (A)large sized cells (C) presence of mucilage (B)thin cell walls (D) presence of vacuoles 64.One thing that is common between sclerenchyma and collenchyma is (A)to provide support (C) help in buoyancy (B)help in material transport (D) conduction of water and minerals 65.Which of the following tissues is with dead thick-walled cells without intercellular spaces? (A)parenchyma (B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) phloem 66.Parenchyma has (A)inter cellular spaces and uniform thickening (B)deposition on comers (C)deposition at angles (D)deposition in forms of bands 67.Thickening of collenchyma are due to (A)lignin and pectin (C) cellulose (B)pectin and hemicellulose (D) cellulose and pectin 68.The cells which have lignin at comers are (A)parenchyma (B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) none of these 69.Lignified cell wall is the characteristic feature of (A)phloem cells (B) epidermal cells (C) cambial cells (D) xylem cells 70.Dead cells that serve a mechanical function are called (A)sclerenchyma (C) wood parenchyma (B)companion cells (D) collenchyma. 71.In which of the following characters, a monocot root differs from dicot root? (A)open vascular bundle (C) radial vascular bundles (B)large pith (D) scattered vascular bundles 72.Sieve tubes are components of (A)xylem (B) phloem (C) parenchyma (D) sclerenchyma 73.Hypodermis is collenchymatous in (A)monocot stem (C) both (A) and (B) (B)dicot stem (D) monocot root 74.Lysigenous cavity filled with water is present in (A)dicot stem (B) monocot stem (C)monocot root (D) dicot root F.Y.J.C. Science 34 Morphology of Flowering Plants

12. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY 75.Lignin is the important constituent in cell wall of (A)parenchyma (B) meristem (C) phloem (D) xylem 76.Apical meristem, intercalary meristem and lateral meristem are differentiated on the basis of (A)Development (B) function (C) origin (D) position 77.Conduction of water occurs through (A)parenchyma (B) sclerenchyma (C) xylem (D) phloem 78.The vascular bundle in a dicot stem are (A)collateral and open (C) bicollateral and open (B)radial (D) collateral and closed 79.Vascular bundles of dicot root are (A)radial exarch (C) conjoint exarch (B)radial endarch (D) conjoint endarch 80.The tissue responsible for translocation of food material is (A)xylem (B) cambium (C) parenchyma (D) phloem 81.Xylem and phloem are described as (A)meristematic tissues (C) simple permanent tissues (B)storage tissues (D) complex permanent tissues 82.The tissue which is present in between xylem and phloem of stem is called (A)apical meristem (C) vascular cambium (B)pericycle (D) cork cambium 83.Find the odd one out (A)phloem (B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) parenchyma 84.Which of the following give mechanical strength to the plant? (A)xylem (B) parenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) both(A) and (C) 85.In a dicot stem, the vascular bundle is (A)radial (B) concentric (C) closed (D) collateral 86.In collateral vascular bundle, (A)xylem is outside and phloem is inside (B)phloem is towards periphery and xylem is towards centre (C)xylem is surrounded by phloem (D)xylem and phloem lie side by side in different radii 87.Generally, the pith consists of (A)chlorenchyma (B) sclerenchyma (C) parenchyma (D) xylem 88.Vessels are present in (A)all plants (B) spermatophyte (C) augiosperm (D) dicots F.Y.J.C. Science 35 Morphology of Flowering Plants

13. CONTACT: 9821131002/9029004242 INFOMATICA ACADEMY  ANSWER TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION l. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (A) 8. (B) 9. (D) 10. (B) 11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (A) 15. (A) 16. (A) 17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (B) 20. (D) 21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (C) 24. (C) 25. (A) 26. (D) 27. (A) 28. (C) 29. (A) 30. (B) 31. (B) 32. (C) 33. (A) 34. (A) 35. (A) 36. (B) 37. (B) 38. (D) 39. (B) 40. (A) 41. (D) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (A) 45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (D) 48. (B) 49. (C) 50. (B) 51. (D) 52. (B) 53. (D) 54. (D) 55. (C) 56. (A) 57. (C) 58. (C) 59. (D) 60. (A) 61. (A) 62. (A) 63. (B) 64. (A) 65. (C) 66. (A) 67. (B) 68. (B) 69. (D) 70. (A) 71. (B) 72. (B) 73. (B) 74. (B) 75. (D) 76. (D) 77. (C) 78. (A) 79. (A) 80. (D) 81. (D) 82. (C) 83. (A) 84. (D) 85. (D) 86. (B) 87. (C) 88. (C) F.Y.J.C. Science 36 Morphology of Flowering Plants