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The Biology of Mind

The Biology of Mind. Biological Psychology. Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior Some biological psychologists call themselves: Neurobehavioral neuroscientists Neuropsychologists Behavior geneticists Physiological psychologist Biopsychologists.

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The Biology of Mind

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  1. The Biology of Mind

  2. Biological Psychology • Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior • Some biological psychologists call themselves: • Neurobehavioral neuroscientists • Neuropsychologists • Behavior geneticists • Physiological psychologist • Biopsychologists

  3. It all Starts with the Neuron

  4. Neuron

  5. Neuron Structure Neurons do NOT touch each other- the space in between is call the synapse.

  6. How a Neuron Fires It is an electrochemical process • Electrical inside the neuron • Chemical outside the neuron (in the synapse in the form of a neurotransmitter) • The firing is call Action Potential

  7. The All or None Response • The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not • No part-way firing

  8. Action Potential

  9. How Neurons Communicate

  10. Neurotransmitters • Chemical messengers released by terminal buttons through the synapse. • We should know at least 4 types and what they do

  11. Acetylcholine • Enables muscle action, learning & maybe memory • Lack of ACh has been linked to Alzheimer's • Too much means muscle spasms & death • Too little can mean paralysis

  12. Dopamine • Influences learning, meaning & attention • Too much is linked to schizophrenia • Too little is linked to Parkinson’s

  13. Serotonin • Affects mood, hunger, sleep & arousal • Too little is linked to depression • Too much Serotonin Syndrome

  14. Endorphins • Natural pain killer • “Runner’s High” • Linked to pain control & pleasure

  15. Drugs can be . . . • Agonists: Make neurons fire • Antagonists: Stop neural firing • Re-uptake inhibitors: Block re-uptake

  16. Agonists and Antagonists

  17. Types of Neurons • Afferent (Sensory) Neurons • Efferent (Motor) Neurons • Interneurons

  18. Sensory Neurons(Afferent Neurons) • Take information from the senses to the brain.

  19. Motor Neurons(Efferent Neurons) • Take information from brain to the rest of the body.

  20. Inter Neurons • Take messages from Sensory Neurons to other parts of the brain or to Motor Neurons

  21. Divisions of the Nervous System

  22. Sympathetic Nervous System Flight or Fight Response • Automatically accelerates heart rate, breathing, dilates pupils, slows down digestion

  23. Parasympathetic Nervous System • Automatically slows the body down after a stressful event. • Heart rate and breathing slow down, pupils constrict and digestion speeds up.

  24. Peripheral Nervous System • All nerves that are not encased in bone. • Everything but the brain and spinal cord. • Is divided into two categories….somatic and autonomic.

  25. Somatic Nervous System • Controls voluntary muscle movement. • Uses motor (efferent) neurons.

  26. Autonomic Nervous System • Controls the automatic functions of the body. • Divided into two categories…the sympathetic and the parasympathetic

  27. Reflexes • Normally, sensory (afferent) neurons take info up through spine to the brain. • Some reactions occur when sensory neurons reach just the spinal cord. • Survival adaptation.

  28. A Simple Reflex

  29. A Simplified Neural Network Neurons that learn to work together as a team.

  30. The Endocrine System A system of glands that secrete hormones. Similar to nervous system, except hormones work a lot slower than neurotransmitters.

  31. The Major Endocrine Glands

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