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Chapter 7, Section 3: Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

Chapter 7, Section 3: Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe. Agenda: Section 3 (pt.1) Absolutism Louis XIV video Students will be able to define “Absolutism” and will give examples of characteristics of an Absolute ruler. Bellringer: Who would be painted this way today?.

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Chapter 7, Section 3: Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

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  1. Chapter 7, Section 3:Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe Agenda: • Section 3 (pt.1) Absolutism • Louis XIV video Students will be able to define “Absolutism” and will give examples of characteristics of an Absolute ruler.

  2. Bellringer:Who would be painted this way today?

  3. From World History: Connections to Today Prentice Hall, 2003

  4. ABSOLUTISM • Monarchs in Europe sought stability by increasing their power and control of their country. • ABSOLUTISM – a system in which a ruler holds total power, tied closely to the idea of divine right (rulers receive their power from God and are responsible to no one except God) • Absolute monarchs had the power to make laws, levy taxes, administer justice, control the state’s officials, and determine foreign policy. •  Louis XIV is the best example of an absolute monarch.

  5. The Sun King • Bourbon King (Louis XIII dad; Henry IV grandfather) • King at age 5 • Mother, Anne & Prime Minister Cardinal Jules Mazarin have real power • Ruled from 1661-1715

  6. Cardinal Jules Mazarin • Goal: increase French power • Results: people hate him & ideas • Nobles revolted in 1648- fear they were losing power • Riots in Paris spread to countryside (slingshot)

  7. The Fronde • Mazarin could not control the nobility and maintain order like Richelieu • Riots have lasting impact on young Louis XIV – his resentment and fear of nobility is reflected through building of Versailles.

  8. Louis XIV • Actions • Weakened powers of his nobles • Supported the Arts (Opera, Painting, Ballet) • Modernized France’s Army • France constantly at war • Lavish Lifestyle • Palace of Versailles

  9. Louis XIV • Impact • France most powerful country in Europe (at the time) • Expanded France’s Borders • Colonies in Europe and North America • France in debt ($250 million in 1715)

  10. Revocation of the Edict of Nantes • Edict of Nantes is revoked – 1685 – why? • Edict of Nantes was never intended to be permanent • Most aristocrats were Catholic, Calvinism was unpopular; decision won Louis praise Outcomes: • Huguenots flee to avoid persecution • France loses middle class, skilled workers

  11. Versailles • Rest of Europe uses way of life at Versailles as standard • Located 11 miles outside Paris • 250 acres • 36,000 workers • Not fortified • Royal court

  12. Court Life • To keep nobles from becoming too powerful or involved in plots against him Louis invited them to court where he would entertain them and keep them busy and out of politics

  13. Palace of Versailles

  14. Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles

  15. The Gardens

  16. Walking Tour • https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/collection/palace-of-versailles?museumview&projectId=art-project.

  17. Death & Legacy of Louis XIV • Louis was anti-Protestant destroying Huguenot churches and closing their schools  • He waged four wars and gained some territory for France and even put a member of his own family on the throne of Spain  • At the time of Louis’s death France was left with great debt and surrounded by enemies

  18. Biography.com video https://www.biography.com/video/louis-xiv-full-episode-2073406805

  19. Chapter 7, Section 3:Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe Agenda: • Section 3 (pt.2) – Absolutism in Eastern Europe • Video(s) & Review questions Students will be able to define “Absolutism” and will give examples of characteristics of an Absolute ruler.

  20. Eastern Europe • The Austrian Hapsburg’s lost their German empire after the 30 years war • They created a new empire in the present-day lands of Austria, Czechoslovakia, & Hungary • The Hapsburg empire was not successful in creating an absolute monarchy mainly because of all the ethnic groups within their empire

  21. Prussia Frederick William ( The Elector) Fredrick William I (The Soldier King) Frederick I (Frederick III) Frederick II (The Great)

  22. Frederick William -1640 • The Great Elector- took power during 30 Years War • Took control at age 20, unified 3 “provinces” • Took control using force, funded by heavy taxation • He gave his nobles (Junkers) positions in government or military to gain support • Prussia was not a country with an army but an army with a country

  23. Frederick William was very well educated and was obsessed with making Prussia into a great power

  24. Even though he was a strict Calvinist, Frederick allowed Catholics and Jews to worship freely in Prussia (religious tolerance)

  25. The “Great Elector” established Berlin as his capital city and allowed over 20,000 French Huguenots to immigrate there

  26. When “Great Elector” Frederick William died, he was replaced by his son Frederick I No one cares

  27. Frederick the Ostentatious • Frederick I – First king of Prussia • 1st Hohenzollern to have the title of king • 1713 Treaty of Utrecht- the duchy of Prussia is now recognized as kingdom • All Hohenzollern’s lands called Prussia

  28. Unlike his father, Frederick I was a weak ruler who did little but maintain what his father had started for over 25 years

  29. He was replaced by his son, Frederick William I, who was a strong ruler

  30. Due to Frederick William I’s obsession with the military he was nicknamed the “Soldier King”

  31. Under him the Prussian military doubled in size and consumed 80% of the national budget

  32. Prussia’s Army Grows… • Frederick William I • Obsessed with growing his military / recruiting (kidnapping) from Europe • Money spent only on army • Army doubled in size • Junkers (land-owning nobility)= officers • Military society implemented

  33. Despite this, he balanced the budget but cutting the lavishness of his imperial court

  34. Frederick William I’s greatest fear was that his oldest son, Frederick II, would not be strong enough to rule

  35. Prussia – Frederick II (The Great)Ruled 1740-1786 • Absolute ruler of Prussia (Germany) • Attacked Austria, sparking the War of Austrian Succession • Unified Prussia into one nation

  36. “He who defends everything defends nothing” • Young Prince Frederick loved music, philosophy, and poetry (the arts) • He tried unsuccessfully to run away with Lieutenant Hans Hermann von Katte. After being caught at the border he was imprisoned in the fortress of Küstrin and was compelled to watch the official execution of his best friend (lover?) • During his 40-year reign, Frederick II vastly increased Prussia's wealth, doubled its size, recast it into a hub of culture and learning, and made it a great military power.

  37. Russia

  38. Early Russian Society • 1480 Ivan III (Prince of Moscow) frees Russia from the Mongol Yoke • Became the first czar • Claimed descent from Caesar (tsar / czar is Slavic or Caesar) • Society dominated by landowning nobility (boyars), serfs tied to land • Serfdom lasted until mid 1800’s (ended in 1300/1400’s in Western Europe)

  39. Czarist Russia • Czar Ivan IV (the Terrible) 1547-1584 • First to use the term czar (Caesar or king) • Ivan expanded Russian territory and crushed the powers of the nobility (Boyars) ruthlessly (garnering his name) • He killed his own eldest son and was succeeded by his weak younger son. • After his son’s death Russia was in anarchy until a national assembly was formed in 1613

  40. The Romanov Dyanasty Begins The National Assembly chooses Michael Romanov as the new Czar. The Romanov Dynasty will Rule Russia for more than 300 years. Their most effective Czar is Peter the Great, who modernized Russia and become an Absolute monarch who believed in divine right

  41. Peter the Great

  42. Peter The Great • 6’9” tall • Crude, rude, and violent. • Enjoyed belching contests, crude humor, human suffering (flogging, impaling, and roasting), helped dentist for enjoyment • Anonymously toured Europe

  43. Russia’s Westernization Under Peter The Great • Reorganized military learning European military tactics and created a navy • Introduced western customs, practices and manners • Wrote a new alphabet, outlawed beards, outlawed long coats, outlawed veils on women, allowed genders to mix at gatherings (allowing dancing and conversation), wrote a book on etiquette

  44. Peter’s Greatest Achivements • Peter understood that Russia needed a warm water port to be a major power. He needed an “open window to the west”, (an ice free port with year round access to Europe). • Went to war with Sweden for control of the Baltic coast. • Once the war was over Peter built a modern western style city on the Baltic coast called St. Petersburg.

  45. Lands added by Peter the Great

  46. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfWaHCWO42MTom Richey’s parodyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIRTMxxoC4o Peter the Great

  47. Eastern Baroque Architecture=Displays of POWER

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