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Exercise Science

Exercise Science. Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology. Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how these responses can be manipulated and trained to elicit desired results and benefits. Exercise Physiology.

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Exercise Science

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  1. Exercise Science Exercise Physiology

  2. Exercise Physiology Exercise Physiology – the physiological responses that occur in the body during exercise. We will also discuss how these responses can be manipulated and trained to elicit desired results and benefits

  3. Exercise Physiology Exercise Principles • Consistency - (most important) • Progression • Overload • Specificity • Reversibility

  4. Exercise Physiology Components of Health Related Fitness • Cardiorespiratory

  5. Exercise Physiology • Muscular Strength

  6. Exercise Physiology • Muscular Endurance (conditioning)

  7. Exercise Physiology • Flexibility

  8. Exercise Physiology • Body Composition

  9. Exercise Physiology • Balance

  10. Exercise Physiology Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System Components of Cardiorespiratory System: • Heart • Lungs • Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) • Blood Cardiac Cycle: • Systole • Diastole

  11. Exercise Physiology Physiology of the Cardiorespiratory System • Vocabulary • Heart Rate (RHR, Ex HR) • Stroke Volume • Cardiac Output (SV x HR = CO) • Ejection Fraction • Ischemia • Angina Pectoris (heart) • Myocardial Infarction (heart) • Cerebral Vascular Accident (Brain) …Stroke…

  12. Exercise Physiology General Training Effects (CV) • VO2max – Intake, Delivery, UTILIZATION of O2 • Lungs – External, Internal & Cellular respiration • Heart – SV, HR, CO, EF Metabolism • Anaerobic Metabolism – the productions of energy within the body in the absence of O2 • Aerobic Metabolism – the production of energy within the body in the presence of O2

  13. Exercise Physiology Fuel Sources • Glucose (4Kcals/g) most utilized • Glycogen – stored form of glucose • Fat (9Kcals/g) most caloricaly dense • Protein (4Kcals/g)

  14. Exercise Physiology Anaerobic Metabolism (-O2) Outside Mitochondria Lactic Acid (waste) Anaerobic Enzymes -O2 +O2 Energy (2 ATP)

  15. Aerobic Metabolism Anaerobic Metabolism +O2 -O2 Inside Mitochondria Outside Mitochondria Lactic Acid (waste) Anaerobic Enzymes -O2 +O2 (waste) Energy (2 ATP) ENERGY (36 ATP) Beta Oxidation (Fat Metabolism)

  16. Exercise Physiology Mechanical Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System due to Aerobic Activity • Increase Lung Function • Increase ability of external respiration • Increase ability of internal respiration • Increase ability of cellular respiration • Increase Cardiac Efficiency • Decrease Heart Rate at any given workload • Increase Stroke Volume • Increase Ejection Fraction • Increase Cardiac Output • Increase Capillarization • Increase VO2 Max

  17. Exercise Physiology Physiological Adaptations to the Cardiorespiratory System due to Aerobic Activity • Increase ability of cellular respiration • Increase quantity of Anaerobic & Aerobic enzymes • Increase glycogen storage • Increase accessibility to glucose • Increase fat utilization • Decrease the production rate of lactic acid • Increase the tolerance to lactic acid (anaerobic threshold) • Increase Mitochondria density (# & Size) • Increase VO2 Max

  18. Exercise Physiology Metabolic Equivalent – 3.5ml/kg/min F. I. T. T. Principle • Frequency • Intensity • Type • Time

  19. Exercise Physiology Cardiorespiratory Miscellaneous Items… • Benefits of Regular Aerobic Activity • Effects of Environment • Altitude • Heat • Cold

  20. Exercise Physiology Skeletal Muscle Anatomy & Physiology

  21. Exercise Physiology Necessary Elements of Skeletal Muscle Contraction • Nervous Impulse • Energy (ATP) • O2 (if sustained)

  22. Exercise Physiology Sliding Filament Theory

  23. Exercise Physiology Sliding Filament Theory Cont…

  24. Exercise Physiology • Muscle Contraction – ALL or NOTHING • Force Generation of Muscular Contraction • Muscle Size • # of Contracting Fibers • Motor Unit Recruitment • Length Tension Relationship • Isometric Contraction • Isotonic • Concentric • Eccentric • Isokinetic

  25. Exercise Physiology • Muscle Fiber Type • Slow Twitch (Type 1, Red Fibers, Oxidative Fibers) • Fast Twitch (Type II, White Fibers, Glycolitic Fibers) • Fiber Distribution – Genetic? Or Trainable? • Hypertrophy vs. Hyperplasia • Hypertrophy – increase in muscle fiber size • Hyperplasia – increase in # of muscle fibers

  26. Exercise Physiology Mechanical Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Resistive Training • Increase Cross-sectional area • Increase Tensile Strength of Muscle & Connective Tissue • Increase Motor Unit recruitment • Decrease Nervous Inhibition • Increase Neural Control • Decrease Repair Time

  27. Exercise Physiology Physiological Adaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Resistive Training • Increased Actin & Myosin • Increased # of Cross-Bridges • Decrease Nervous Inhibition • Increased Anaerobic Enzymes • Increased Mitochondrial Density (# & size) • Increased Anaerobic Threshold

  28. Exercise Physiology • Golgi Tendon Organ • Sensor – Prevents too much force production

  29. Exercise Physiology • Musculotendonis Unit

  30. Exercise Physiology • Muscle Sorness • Immediate Onset • Delayed Muscle Soreness

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